Abstract: Aluminum alloys have excellent properties such as low density and high strength-to-weight ratio. However, the negative standard electrode potential of aluminum leads to a more active chemical property and is prone to corrode; as a result, the poor corrosion resistance extremely limits the widespread application of aluminum. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to improve the poor corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys. The chromate passivation technology is one of the most effective and mature aluminum alloy surface treatment technologies, and even if the formed passivation film is very thin, it can still greatly enhance the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys and provide corrosion protection. However, Cr (VI) and its derivatives are highly toxic and carcinogenic, and they are harmful to the environment and the human body. As environmental awareness increases and the government strictly limits the use and emission of chromate, it is necessary to develop new treatments that are environmentally friendly and non-toxic to improve the corrosion resistance of aluminum alloys. The fabrication process of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) film is simple, and the morphology of the LDHs film can be controlled by adjusting the experimental parameters. The prepared LDHs film also has good corrosion resistance and anions exchange performance. Therefore, reports of in-situ growth LDHs film on the surface aluminum alloys have gradually increased in recent years. In this paper, we introduced a variety of methods for preparing LDHs film, such as ordinary hydrothermal, urea hydrolysis, and hexamethylenetetramine hydrolysis methods, and summarized the effects of different experimental conditions on the morphology and corrosion resistance of LDHs the films. Several commonly used modification methods and principles, such as the preparation of superhydrophobic films and self-healing films, were discussed in detail and the limitations of the current research were discussed. Finally, the focus of future research and development were described.
Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid development of new energy and industrial technologies, the solar cell industry has begun to receive considerable attention. Perovskite solar cells are regarded as the third-generation solar cells. As of April 2019, on the basis of the international certification, the maximum power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is 24.2%, which is similar to the highest power conversion efficiency of silicon solar cells. Perovskite solar cells exhibit high power conversion efficiency, low cost, simple preparation, and diversity of structure, which makes them the leaders in next-generation thin-film photovoltaic devices. In this paper the development history of perovskite solar cells was reported; the perovskite crystal structure and device structure were discussed in detail; and a tolerance factor for obtaining a more stable perovskite structure was introduced. We then summarized the A-site, B-site, and X-site composition engineering, the one-step, two-step and other fabrication methods and morphology control methods of perovskite thin films that could stabilize the perovskite crystal structure, reduce the pollution and harm of lead in perovskite films, control the growth of perovskite film, and regulate the band gaps. In addition, the influencing factors on the stability of perovskite solar cells was also discuss; light stability, thermal stability, and humidity stability that are the main causes of the decomposition of perovskite crystals, resulting in a serious decrease in device performance owing to the phase transition and degradation. The biggest obstacle for the industrialization of perovskite solar cells is the stability. Finally a series of methods that can improve the stability of perovskite solar cells were analyzed. The main solutions to the current stability problems of perovskite solar cells include the development of more stable 2D/3D perovskite structures, the development of new additives to control the growth of grains using the interfacial medication methods, and the selection of suitable hole and electron transport materials with superior properties.
Abstract: How to realize the efficient use of the renewable energy sources is a present-day challenge to the technologists and has become an important issue in their large scale applications. Energy storage not only reduces the mismatch between supply and demand but also improves the performance and reliability of energy systems and plays an important role in conserving the energy. Current energy storage techniques mainly include sensible heat storage, latent heat storage and chemical reaction heat storage. The researchers place emphasis on the latent heat storage due to its advantages of high heat storage density, little temperature fluctuation and easily controllable utility system. In principle, phase change materials (PCMs) are used for the latent heat storage to absorb and release large amounts of latent heat during their phase change process. Therefore, PCMs are the key factor for the development of latent energy storage technology and play the crucial role in exploring new energy and improving energy utilization. The solid-liquid transition is more efficient compared with the other transformations due to its high latent heat density and small volume change. However, the leakage of solid-liquid PCMs above the melting point from the thermal storage system still hinders their practical applications. Considerable efforts have been devoted to introducing the porous support and development of shape-stabilized composite PCMs to address this technical issue. During the melting or solidifying processes, the PCMs store or release latent heat, while the support materials confine the melted phase from leaking and keep the whole system in the solid state. Moreover, low thermal conductivity of PCMs may degrade the performance for energy storage and thermal regulation during the melting and freezing cycles and restrict their final applications. Therefore, the necessity to enhance thermal conductivity of porous shape-stabilized composite PCMs is evident. In this paper, the recent researches on the enhancement of conductivity of porous shape-stabilized composite PCMs were reviewed. We studied the thermal conductivity enhancement techniques, which included impregnation of PCMs into porous materials with high thermal conductivity, introducing of high conductivity nano-materials and porous support materials into PCMs, construction of hybrid composite for shape stabilized phase change materials. The evaluation of each thermal conductivity enhancement technique was discussed. Finally, we had provided a brief outlook and future challenges in enhancing thermal conductivity of porous shape-stabilized composite PCMs.
Abstract: Polyimide (PI) is a polymer with the imide ring on the major chain. Due to the stable structure of the rigid aromatic ring and conjugation effect of the aromatic heterocyclic ring of the imide ring, its bond energy of the main chain and intermolecular interaction are strengthened. Therefore, it has good mechanical properties, excellent chemical resistance, good dielectric properties and high temperature stability, with applicability as a high temperature engineering polymer with broad application potential. PI products, such as films, coatings, adhesives, photoelectric materials, advanced composite materials, microelectronic devices, separation films and photoresist, have been widely used in electronic information, fire and bulletproofing, aerospace, gas?liquid separation, photoelectric liquid crystals and other fields. Polyimide aerogels (PIA) are cross-linked, three dimensional porous materials made up of polymer molecular chains, combining the excellent properties of PI and aerogels, such as lightweight, low density, high specific surface area, low coefficient of thermal conductivity and a low dielectric constant. Therefore, PIA are being rapidly investigated as an excellent organic aerogel for broad application in aerospace, electronic communications, heat insulations, flame retardants, sound absorption, adsorption cleaning and other fields. Since National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and other scientific research institutions have developed flexible PIA materials and successfully used them in military and civilian applications, sophisticated weapons, Mars exploration and other application fields, their application research and development has been expanded. Given the characteristics of the PIA materials and the need to improve the preparation process and properties, the preparation method, influencing factors (solvent effect, monomer structure and solid content), application and future development are discussed in this paper.
Abstract: Lightweight materials are desired for energy saving and emission reduction of automobiles. A promising material for automobile parts is advanced high strength steel (AHSS). A recently developed material called medium-Mn steel, with excellent mechanical properties, has attracted increasing attention as the third-generation AHSS for automotive processing. However, medium-Mn steel is disadvantaged by plastic instability during tensile tests. This plastic instability is usually associated with localized and propagative bands on the material surface, which cause an unexpected surface roughening effect and premature failure in the most unfavorable cases. Therefore, plastic instability has severely impeded the commercialization of medium-Mn steels. The phenomenon manifests as discontinuous yielding followed by a yielding plateau (the Lüders strain), along with flow stress serrations (the Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect). Both effects are influenced by the composition, annealing process, and microstructure (phase morphology and constituents) of the steel. Both effects are also correlated with the austenite-to-martensite transformation during deformation to a greater or lesser extent, which is rarely observed in metallic materials. Consequently, the mechanisms of both effects are complicated and explainable by diverse theories. This paper reviewed the current research results on the influences of various factors on the Lüders strain and PLC effect, and discussed their corresponding mechanisms. This paper particularly emphasized the limitations of the existing theoretical explanations and proposed future researches to elucidate the existing disputes. Based on the current research and our preliminary experiment, this paper finally suggested ways of eliminating the plastic instability of medium-Mn steel, while guaranteeing ultrahigh strength, and excellent ductility. These improvements will drive the future development of this field.
Abstract: As an important resource for the development of modern industry, rare earth elements are widely used in nuclear technology, batteries, permanent magnet, electronic products, catalysis, and superconducting technology, and they have been mined at a considerable large scale. China’s rare earth resources are abundant, and their reserves account for approximately 36.7% of the world’s total reserves. Over the recent years, global rare earth resources are generally faced with over-exploitation, low utilization rates, and serious environmental pollution problems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of recovery systems that are inexpensive and cause less pollution. Rare earth elements can be widely involved in the metabolism of compounds in various micro-organisms and may have mining capabilities. The use of microbial technology to mine and recover rare earth resources has provided a novel green and efficient method for the utilization of rare earth resources, and research in related fields has continued intensify. This paper primarily introduced the important role and utilization status of rare earth resources, summarized the distribution and characteristics of rare earth minerals in China, and identified the problems associated with rare earth mining and the advantages of microbial mining. Furthermore, it reviewed the development process of rare earth mining using micro-organisms, summarized its research progress, and introduced the research mechanism of microbial mining, primarily including related research on the mechanism of microbial leaching, adsorption and accumulation of rare earth elements, separation methods, species distribution, and mechanism action of rare earth ore mining microorganisms. Considering minerals of the Bayan Obo deposit in China and the Mount Weld deposit in Australia as examples, the extraction of rare earth elements from ore by microbes selected from the surrounding environment has been explained. Moreover, the recovery of rare earth elements in low-grade ore and waste by micro-organisms has been briefly described. Based on the current status of microbial mining of rare earth ore, future challenges and prospects of microbial utilization of rare earth elements have been proposed.
Abstract: The iron ore sintering flue gas contains a relatively high CO concentration (volume fraction of 0.5%?2%); therefore, it is of great significance to remove CO. To study the catalytic effect of different catalysts, typical Pt-supported catalyst and Ce-doped Fe2O3 catalyst were prepared by impregnation, and their components were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. The activity results show that different initial CO concentrations, flue gas temperature, and water vapor volume fraction have a great influence on the removal efficiency of CO catalytic oxidation. When there is no water vapor in the flue gas, the CO removal efficiency of the two catalysts is over 60%. When the reaction temperature is 180 ℃ and the water vapor volume fraction is 11.7%, the CO conversion efficiency of the Pt-supported catalyst is 63.9%, but the CO conversion efficiency of the Ce-doped Fe2O3 catalyst is only about 34.9%. Furthermore, the results show that the Pt-supported catalyst has a better water resistance in the range of 180?300 ℃. If the reaction temperature is higher, the increase in water vapor volume will have a more negative impact on the catalytic efficiency of both catalysts. For example, when the volume fraction of water vapor increases from 0 to 27.1%, the catalytic efficiency of the Pt-supported catalyst drops from 73.9% to 62.3%, which decreases much more compared to the case of 180 ℃. In addition, the sulfur resistance of the two catalysts was also tested. The Ce-doped Fe2O3 catalyst is more resistant to SO2, when there is no water vapor. However, when SO2 and water vapor exist at the same time, the Pt-supported catalyst has better sulfur resistance. Therefore, during the actual sintering process, it is recommended to adopt efficient desulfurization measures and arrange the water absorption layer in order to reduce the negative impacts on catalysts.
Abstract: Nano-zinc oxide materials have been widely studied and applied due to their excellent photocatalytic properties. In this study, ZnO nanorods were rapidly synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, using Zn(OH)2 precursor and ZnO seeds that were prepared by zinc sulfate, zinc acetate, and zinc hydroxide as raw materials. The morphology, nanostructure, and optical properties of ZnO nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV-vis spectroscopy. To investigate the effect of microwave irradiation on the photocatalytic activity of the ZnO nanorods, the photocatalytic properties of the samples were tested by degrading rhodamine B (RhB) under ultraviolet and visible light for about 80 min. The experimental results indicate that Zn(OH)2 precursor and ZnO seeds can be successfully converted into a three-dimensional cage structure based on the self-assembly of ZnO nanorods in 30 min with microwave irradiation reaction. Compared with the conventional method of synthesizing ZnO nanorods, the samples under microwave irradiation featured a better crystallinity performance. The UV-vis results show that microwave radiation can cause a red shift of the absorption edge of synthesized ZnO nanorods and reduce the band gap energy, thereby enhancing the photocatalytic activity and efficiency of the ZnO nanorods. The photocatalytic test results indicate that ZnO nanorods synthesized by the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method have a better efficiency of light absorption; the samples have a better degradation rate of rhodamine B under the ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. The degradation efficiency of rhodamine B by ZnO nanorods could reach 98.5% within 80 min under ultraviolet light irradiation. The microwave-assisted synthesis method can allow to synthesize a large amount of ZnO nanorods materials in a short time, and it has the advantages of high-efficiency batch preparation and environmental friendliness.
Abstract: As a star material, graphene has attracted much attention because of its excellent mechanical, optical, electrical, and thermal properties. The chemical conversion of graphene oxide is considered to be a promising approach to economically produce graphene in significant quantities, but the reduced graphene oxide prepared from this method suffers a lot of defects, such as vacancies and the presence of residual oxygen groups. In this case, graphite oxide with a low oxidation degree was used to prepare graphene to decrease the residual oxygen groups and vacancies caused by the removal of oxygen groups during reduction. However, this kind of mildly oxidized graphite (MOG) is hard to exfoliate to prepare graphene oxide; it is necessary to increase the basal spacing of MOG to facilitate the exfoliation. According to the literature, the intercalation of surfactants is usually used to enlarge the basal spacing of graphite and graphite oxide, but the intercalation mechanism of surfactants with different structures in MOG remains unknown. In this work, MOG was prepared from artificial graphite powder, and the intercalations of surfactants with different polar parts and carbon chain lengths on MOG were studied. The effect of surfactant molecular structures on their intercalation ability and the intercalation mechanism were studied through measurements with X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman and Zeta potential measurements. The results show that the cationic surfactants intercalate MOG mainly through the attractive electrostatic interaction between them, and their intercalation capacity is better than that of anionic surfactants as they can enlarge the basal spacing of MOG more easily. The anionic surfactants intercalated MOG through the formation of hydrogen bonds and the hydrophobic intercalation force between them. It was found that the larger the polar part and the longer the carbon chain, the stronger the intercalation ability of surfactants. These research results may help to better understand the intercalation mechanism of the surface in MOG interlayers and guide the preparation and application of MOG intercalation-modified materials.
Abstract: The construction of the highly active transition-metal phosphide/carbon-based electrocatalyst from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) precursors is considered as an efficient approach. In this work, ZIF-67/GO precursors were firstly obtained by the in situ controllable growth of ZIF-67 nanocrystals on both surfaces of GO sheets. Then, a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst CoP/Co@NPC@rGO nanocomposite was derived by the thermal pyrolysis of ZIF-67/GO precursors under N2 atmosphere and a subsequent phosphatization process. The structure and elemental composition of the ZIF-67/GO, Co@NPC@rGO, and CoP/Co@NPC@rGO nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and N2 ad-/desorption isotherms analysis. The Co@NPC@rGO?800 nanocomposite exhibits a high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 186.27 m2·g?1, indicating that both micropores and mesopores existed. Subsequently, the electrocatalytic properties of the CoP/Co@NPC@rGO nanocomposites for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were investigated by electrochemical measurements. The results suggest that the obtained CoP/Co@NPC@rGO?350 nanocomposite only requires an overpotential of 127 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA·cm?2 for HER in 1.0 mol·L–1 KOH solution. For OER, CoP/Co@NPC@rGO?350 nanocomposite can reach a current density of 10 mA·cm?2 at an overpotential of 276 mV, with a Tafel slope of 42 mV·dec?1, in the same alkaline aqueous solution, which is superior to RuO2. In addition, for both HER and OER, CoP/Co@NPC@rGO?350 nanocomposite also shows impressive strong durability in alkaline aqueous solution. The outstanding performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of coupled highly graphitized N-doped porous carbon and N-doped graphene. The as-prepared CoP/Co@NPC@rGO?350 electrocatalyst is a promising candidate for overall water splitting in the alkaline solution. This development offers an attractive catalyst material based on MOF/GO composites. It is expected that the presented strategy can be extended to the fabrication of other composites electrode materials for more efficient water splitting.
Abstract: Advanced phase change energy storage materials are the core and key to promoting the development of energy storage technology. As the core of phase change energy storage technology, the development of phase change materials (PCMs) has attracted more and more attention. At present, solid?liquid PCMs are widely used. The main problem in the development of PCMs is that they are prone to liquid leakage in the process of phase change and need to be encapsulated before use. This not only increases the thermal resistance between the PCMs and heat source equipment, reducing the heat transfer efficiency, but also increases the weight of the energy storage device, which greatly limits its practical application. As a result, the development of PCMs with excellent comprehensive performance is of great significance for the field of thermal energy storage and utilization. Due to the regular channel structure and the high porosity, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are very suitable to serve as the PCMs carrier to realize effective packaging of phase change core materials. In this work, the structural properties of Cr-MIL-101 loaded with different core materials, namely, the octadecane, octadecanoic acid, octadecylamine, and octadecanol molecules, were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation method, which mainly considers the interaction between the phase change core and the MOFs substrate, the diffusion characteristics, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the core in the MOFs channel. The study indicates that the interaction between octadecanoic acid and MOFs substrate is the strongest, followed by the interaction between the substrate and octadecanol and octadecamine, while the interaction between the substrate and octadecane is the weakest. This result is also reflected in many aspects, such as the interaction energy between the molecules and MOFs, the radius of rotation, the molecular kinetic energy, the self-diffusion coefficient, and the heat capacity. In addition, when the interaction between the core material molecules and the interaction between MOFs and the core material reach an equilibrium, the core material molecules are in a relatively free state in the pore, which is conducive to diffusion, and then to the crystallization of the core materials.
Abstract: Energy as a symbol of human civilization has a profound impact on human life. Fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and natural gas are still the most demanded and consumed energy sources in the world due to the worldwide economic expansion and population explosion. Thermal energy storage can not only alleviate the mismatch between energy supply and demand, but also improve the reliability of energy systems and the efficiency of thermal energy utilization. The thermal energy storage methods mainly include sensible heat storage and latent heat storage. Compared with sensible heat storage, latent heat storage has a much higher energy storage density. At present, phase change materials (PCMs) are widely used in solar heating systems, energy-saving buildings, air conditioning systems, and other fields. However, the practical application of PCMs has been limited by several persistent problems in various fields, such as the unstable shape of molten state, low thermal conductivity, and weak interface bonding of supporting materials. Therefore, to effectively solve the leakage problem and increase the thermal conductivity of composite PCMs, we seek porous materials with a high thermal conductivity as supports. In recent years, carbon-based materials derived from biomass have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent properties such as large specific surface area and adjustable porous structure. In this study, an eggplant-derived porous carbon material (HBPC) was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and another porous carbon material (biomass-derived porous carbon, BPC) was prepared by direct pyrolysis of eggplant. After that, PEG/HBPC and PEG/BPC composite PCMs were prepared by a vacuum-impregnated method using HBPC and BPC as supporting materials and polyethylene glycol (PEG2000) as PCMs. Their structure and performance were characterized by SEM, Raman spectroscopy, Mercury intrusion method, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show that PEG/BPC PCMs composite obtained by direct pyrolysis have a better energy storage effect, the mass fraction of PEG load is up to 90.60%, and the latent heat of melting is 133.98 J·g?1. At the same time, PEG/BPC composite is proved to be a shape-stable PCM with long-term stability.
Abstract: Presently, combining porous and high-thermal-conductivity matrices with phase change materials is widely used to improve the comprehensive properties of organic composite phase change materials. Porous carbon, as a carrier material with strong load capacity and good thermal conductivity, has become a focus of interest in research. Nevertheless, how to easily prepare this material in a green and inexpensive way still remains a challenge. Subsequent to heat treatment at gradient temperature and nitrogen atmosphere, the biomass materials were carbonized and further transformed to graphite. Then, the porous high-thermal-conductivity carbon materials were obtained by replicating the structure of biomass natural materials. Finally, the biomass porous carbon/paraffin composite phase change materials were prepared using vacuum melting impregnation method. The obtained biomass porous carbon and composite phase change materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), flourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravity analysis (TGA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and hot-disk thermal analysis. The characterization results show that the structure of the biomass porous carbon material is well preserved, which ensures the efficient and stable load of organic phase change materials. In terms of heat transfer efficiency as compared with pure paraffin materials, the thermal conductivities of porous pine carbon and bamboo carbon/paraffin composite phase change materials are increased by 100% and 216%, respectively, reaching 0.48 W·m?1·K?1 and 0.76 W·m?1·K?1, respectively. Based on these results, by comparing the loading amount of paraffin, phase change enthalpy, and thermal conductivity of the composite phase change materials prepared from pine and bamboo, the influence mechanism of the biomass structure on the properties of the composite phase change materials is further explored. In summary, unlike the traditional composite phase change materials, the preparation process in this experiment is simple, the raw material sources are widely available, cheap, and green, and the thermal conductivity is significantly improved. Therefore, the proposed preparation process has a broad application prospect in the future.
Abstract: To address energy shortage and environmental pollution, scientists are working to develop methods for the production, conversion, and storage of new energy sources. The development of thermal energy storage (TES) is considered to be one of the most effective energy conservation and environmental protection strategies for utilizing various renewable energy sources. Energy storage technology can solve the contradiction between energy supply and demand in time and space and also improve energy efficiency. Currently, TES includes mainly sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermochemical energy storage. The latent heat TES based on phase change materials (PCMs) is an efficient technology that is being actively pursued owing to high storage density in a small temperature region, which is essential for accelerating new energy development and improving energy efficiency. In this paper, hydroxyapatite aerogels with self-supporting network structure were prepared via a hydrothermal method using calcium oleate as a precursor. Self-supporting hydroxyapatite-based composite phase change materials were synthesized using the impregnation method. The morphology and thermal properties of the prepared composite phase change materials were characterized and tested by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry. The experimental results show that the composite phase change materials of hydroxyapatite aerogels loaded with octadecanol or paraffin have good thermal properties. The measured values of melting enthalpy and solidified enthalpy of the 60% paraffin@HAP composite phase change materials are 85.10 and 85.30 J·g?1, respectively, and its crystallinity is 81.50%. The measured values of melting enthalpy and solidified enthalpy of the 60% octadecanol@HAP composite phase change material are 113.78 and 112.25 J·g?1, respectively, and its crystallinity is 86.20%. In addition, the composite has good thermal and chemical stability. Furthermore, the hydroxyapatite substrate has the advantages of good flame retardancy, corrosion-free characteristics, safety, and environmental protection, which effectively expands the practical application of phase change materials in the field of intelligent thermal insulation textiles and building materials.
Abstract: A neutron multiplier must be employed to obtain the proper tritium breeding rate and ensure the self-sustaining combustion of deuterium and tritium in fusion reactors, which represents a new and powerful solution for the energy problem. Several researchers have proposed the use of beryllium, an outstanding nuclear metal, as a promising solid neutron multiplier in the helium-cooled ceramic breeder (HCCB) test blanket module (TBM) of the Chinese TBM program. In this module, beryllium will be subjected to high-dose irradiation with high-energy neutrons during services in reactor to produce a large number of helium ions and significant irradiation damage resulting in extreme performance degradation. Unfortunately, the metal’s low melting point and poor irradiation swelling resistance at high temperatures limit its usage in the DEMO reactor. Thus, finding or developing a new neutron multiplier with a higher melting point and better ability to resist irradiation swelling than beryllium in advanced fusion reactors is an important undertaking. Knowledge of the characteristics of the microstructural changes of beryllium and/or beryllium alloys under irradiation is an important factor contributing to the understanding of the degradation of their physical-mechanical properties. In this study, a new beryllium tungsten alloy (Be12W) with a high melting point was proposed and fabricated by hot isostatic pressing. The phase composition and surface structure of Be12W were then analyzed by X-ray and scanning electron microscopy. The Be12W alloy was irradiated with 30 keV He+ ions at room temperature at a dose of 1×1018 ions·cm?2 and ion fluence of 0.2 μA. Microstructural changes and the types of helium gas-filled blisters that developed on the surface of the alloy after irradiation were subsequently investigated. Blisters with an average size of 0.8 μm and in-plane number density of 2.4×107 cm?2 initially develops, followed by blisters with an average size of about 80 nm and in-plane number density of 1.28×108 cm?2.
Monthly, started in 1955 Supervising institution：Ministry of Education Sponsoring Institution：University of Science and Technology Beijing Editorial office：Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Engineering Publisher：Science Press Chairperson：Ren-shu Yang Editor-in-Chief：Ai-xiang Wu ISSN 2095-9389CN 2095-9389
