Effect of calcium in ferrosilicon alloys on inclusions in Al-killed steel

LIU Nan; CHENG Gong; REN Ying; ZHANG Li-feng

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.05.12.004

Volume 44 Issue 12

Dec. 2022

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LIU Nan, CHENG Gong, REN Ying, ZHANG Li-feng. Effect of calcium in ferrosilicon alloys on inclusions in Al-killed steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2022, 44(12): 2069-2080. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.05.12.004

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LIU Nan, CHENG Gong, REN Ying, ZHANG Li-feng. Effect of calcium in ferrosilicon alloys on inclusions in Al-killed steel[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2022, 44(12): 2069-2080. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.05.12.004

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Effect of calcium in ferrosilicon alloys on inclusions in Al-killed steel

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2021.05.12.004

LIU Nan^{1, 2},
CHENG Gong^{3
,
,},
REN Ying^{1
,
,},
ZHANG Li-feng^{4
,
,}

1.
School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Steelmaking Plant, Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd., Baotou 014010, China
3.
WISDRI Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430223, China
4.
School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China

More Information

Corresponding author: CHENG Gong, E-mail: chenggong_ustb@163.com; REN Ying, E-mail: yingren@ustb.edu.cn; ZHANG Li-feng, E-mail: zhanglifeng@ncut.edu.cn
Received Date: 2021-05-12
Available Online: 2021-08-03
Publish Date: 2022-12-01

Abstract

Abstract

Large CaO?Al₂O₃-type inclusions easily induce fatigue failure of bearing steels, so controlling large CaO?Al₂O₃-type inclusions is the key to producing high-quality GCr15-bearing steel. Impurity elements in alloys added during refining, slag refining, and slag entrainment during the refining process are the main potential sources for forming large CaO?Al₂O₃-type inclusions in Al-killed bearing steels. The ferrosilicon alloy is applied to improve the quenching and tempering softening resistance of Al-killed bearing steels. In this work, the effect of the calcium element in ferrosilicon alloys on inclusions in Al-killed bearing steel was studied through laboratory experiments, observations, and thermodynamic calculations. The ferrosilicon alloy mainly consists of the dark silicon and light ferrosilicon phases. The calcium element in ferrosilicon alloys exists as a metal compound at the interface between the silicon phase and the ferrosilicon phase. The total calcium (T.Ca) content in molten steel increases after adding the ferrosilicon alloy and modifying the Al₂O₃ and MgO·Al₂O₃ inclusions into CaO?Al₂O₃-type ones. The size of inclusions in the molten steel decreases with an increase in the CaO content in the inclusions. Large CaO?Al₂O₃-type inclusions are rarely generated. With the increase of the T.Ca in the molten steel, the T.O in the steel increases, whereas the average size of the inclusions decreases. It was observed that the calcium element in ferrosilicon alloys is not the direct cause for the formation of large size CaO?Al₂O₃ inclusions in the steel. However, the generated small, solid CaO?Al₂O₃-type inclusions clog the wall of the submerged entry nozzle, leading to dislodging of the big clogging lump into the molten steel. This lump is one of the reasons for large and irregularly shaped CaO?Al₂O₃ type inclusions in the steel product.
- Al-killed steel,
- ferrosilicon alloys,
- calcium element,
- CaO?Al₂O₃ type inclusions,
- cleanliness

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References(45)

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