Mineralogy and solid-state reduction features of typical ironsands from Indonesia

HU Bing; HU Cheng-fei; YI Ling-yun; XIAO Hua-rong; HUANG Zhu-cheng; JIANG Xiong; CAI Wei

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.04.20.003

Volume 43 Issue 5

May 2021

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HU Bing, HU Cheng-fei, YI Ling-yun, XIAO Hua-rong, HUANG Zhu-cheng, JIANG Xiong, CAI Wei. Mineralogy and solid-state reduction features of typical ironsands from Indonesia[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2021, 43(5): 619-626. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.04.20.003

Citation:

HU Bing, HU Cheng-fei, YI Ling-yun, XIAO Hua-rong, HUANG Zhu-cheng, JIANG Xiong, CAI Wei. Mineralogy and solid-state reduction features of typical ironsands from Indonesia[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2021, 43(5): 619-626. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.04.20.003

Citation:

HU Bing, HU Cheng-fei, YI Ling-yun, XIAO Hua-rong, HUANG Zhu-cheng, JIANG Xiong, CAI Wei. Mineralogy and solid-state reduction features of typical ironsands from Indonesia[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2021, 43(5): 619-626. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.04.20.003

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Mineralogy and solid-state reduction features of typical ironsands from Indonesia

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.04.20.003

1.
Engineering Center of Sinter Pellet and Direct Reduction, Zhongye Changtian International Engineering Co., Ltd., Changsha 410205, China
2.
National Engineering Research Center of Sintering and Pelletizing Equipment System, Changsha 410205, China
3.
School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 4100083, China

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Corresponding author: E-mail: ylycsu@126.com
Received Date: 2020-04-20
Publish Date: 2021-05-25

Abstract

Abstract

With over 100 billion tons of reserves, the ironsands resource is mainly distributed along the “Belt and Road” countries, such as Indonesia. It is the second largest marine resource inferior to petroleum and natural gas. Ironsands mainly comprise vanadium, titanium, and iron. With advantages of easy mining, low cost, and abundance in polymetallic minerals, the ironsands resource has attracted extensive attention for its extremely high comprehensive recycling value. According to previous studies, solid-state reduction is an efficient approach to a number of processes in complex mineral resources such as ironsands, especially in vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite treatments. In this paper, the process mineralogy and direct reduction characteristics of typical ironsands from Indonesia were studied based on the classical mineralogy method combined with various characterization techniques such as chemical phase analysis, MLA, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, optical microscopy, and SEM-EDS. Results show that the mineral composition of the ironsands is mainly titanomagnetite, followed by a small amount of pseudo-hematite, hematite, ilmenite, pyroxene, plagioclase, and others. Most titanomagnetites exist as compact monomers or iron-rich aggregates with occasional fine ilmenite flakes formed through solid-melt separation. The iron contained in titanomagnetite phase accounts for 89.79% of the total iron in the ironsands, while titanium and vanadium account for 85.42% of the total titanium and 97.97% of the total vanadium content, respectively. Ironsands can achieve high metallization ratio when they are reduced at 1300 ℃ for 60 min with C/Fe mole ration of 1.2. The reduction course is as follows: Fe_2.75Ti_0.25O₄ → FeTiO₃, (Fe, Mg)Ti₂O₅ → (Fe, Mg)Ti₂O₅ → Fe. Results reveal that the stable anosovite ((Fe, Mg)Ti₂O₅) phase is the main factor affecting the final metallization degree of the reduced samples. With solid state reduction treatment, iron is enriched in the metal phase while vanadium and titanium elements are distributed in the titanium-rich phase in the slag. These create favorable conditions for the subsequent separation and extraction process, which consequently lay a firm foundation for the comprehensive utilization of the ironsands.
- Indonesia ironsands,
- process mineralogy,
- dissemination characteristics,
- reduction process,
- elements distribution state

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References(25)

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