Research on near/far-field flow characteristics of caved ore and rock based on rigid block model

SUN Hao; CHEN Shuai-jun; GAO Yan-hua; JIN Ai-bing; QIN Xuan; JU You; YIN Ze-song; LI Mu-ya; ZHAO Zeng-shan

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.10.23.003

Volume 43 Issue 2

Feb. 2021

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Chinese Journal of Engineering > 2021 > 43(2): 205-214

SUN Hao, CHEN Shuai-jun, GAO Yan-hua, JIN Ai-bing, QIN Xuan, JU You, YIN Ze-song, LI Mu-ya, ZHAO Zeng-shan. Research on near/far-field flow characteristics of caved ore and rock based on rigid block model[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2021, 43(2): 205-214. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.10.23.003

Citation:

SUN Hao, CHEN Shuai-jun, GAO Yan-hua, JIN Ai-bing, QIN Xuan, JU You, YIN Ze-song, LI Mu-ya, ZHAO Zeng-shan. Research on near/far-field flow characteristics of caved ore and rock based on rigid block model[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2021, 43(2): 205-214. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.10.23.003

Citation:

SUN Hao, CHEN Shuai-jun, GAO Yan-hua, JIN Ai-bing, QIN Xuan, JU You, YIN Ze-song, LI Mu-ya, ZHAO Zeng-shan. Research on near/far-field flow characteristics of caved ore and rock based on rigid block model[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2021, 43(2): 205-214. doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.10.23.003

PDF( 1503 KB)

Research on near/far-field flow characteristics of caved ore and rock based on rigid block model

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.10.23.003

SUN Hao^{1, 2},
CHEN Shuai-jun^{1, 2},
GAO Yan-hua³,
JIN Ai-bing^{1, 2
,
,},
QIN Xuan⁴,
JU You^{1, 2},
YIN Ze-song^{1, 2},
LI Mu-ya^{1, 2},
ZHAO Zeng-shan⁵

1.
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Department of Urban Construction, Beijing City University, Beijing 100083, China
4.
China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China
5.
Luzhong Metallurgy and Mining Group Corporation, Jinan 271100, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: jinaibing@ustb.edu.cn
Received Date: 2020-10-23
Publish Date: 2021-02-26

Abstract

Abstract

The high mining costs of mines have led to the imbalance between the supply and demand of the total mineral resources in China and the dependence on imports to a large extent. Therefore, it is of great significance to expand the mining scale of mineral resources and reduce the mining costs to improve the self-sufficiency rate of mineral resources and strengthen social support and economic development in China. The caving mining method, especially the block caving method, has the following two main characteristics: one is that caved ores, surrounded by overlying rocks, are drawn from the drawpoint and the other one is that ground pressure is managed by filling goaf with overlying rocks. It is a low-cost and efficient large-scale underground mining method and has been widely used in metal mines around the world. To further reveal the far-field field migration and evolution mechanism of caved ore and rock in metal mine, through physical test, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis, isolated-drawpoint draw models were constructed to study the flow characteristics of near/far-field flow characteristics of caved ore and rock. Based on the discrete element software PFC^3D and rigid block model, the numerical draw model was constructed for the first time. The reliability and superiority of the rigid block model in the study of flow characteristics of caved ore and rock were proved by comparative analysis between near-field physical draw test results and simulated results. Moreover, the variation law of the IMZ (Isolated Movement Zone), the stress evolution law and its mechanical mechanism in the particle flow system under far-field conditions were quantitatively studied. The key research results prove that: 1) The shapes of IMZ under near/far-field conditions conform to the upside-down drop shape theory. In the initial draw stage, the maximum width of IMZ increases rapidly with the increase of height in the form of power function; while in the following draw stage, the maximum width of IMZ increases almost linearly with the height increase. 2) There is an obvious stress arch effect during the flow of caved ore and rock. With the range expansion of the caved ore and rock, the vertical stress in a certain range outside the IMZ decreases obviously, while the horizontal stress gradually increases and surges before the arrival of IMZ. Furthermore, the horizontal and vertical stresses within the IMZ drop sharply to a lower level.
- draw,
- near/far-field condition,
- caved ore and rock,
- flow characteristics,
- rigid block model

FullText(HTML)

References(36)

References

[1]	沈南山, 顧曉春, 尹升華. 國內外自然崩落采礦法技術現狀. 采礦技術, 2009, 9(4):1 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2900.2009.04.001 Shen N S, Gu X C, Yin S H. Technology status of block caving method at home and abroad. Min Technol, 2009, 9(4): 1 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2900.2009.04.001
[2]	Chitombo G P. Cave mining: 16 years after Laubscher’s 1994 paper 'Cave mining?state of the art'. Min Technol, 2010, 119(3): 132 doi: 10.1179/174328610X12820409992255
[3]	Pierce M E. A Model for Gravity Flow of Fragmented Rock in Block Caving Mines[Dissertation]. Brisbane: The University of Queensland, 2010
[4]	王漢昌. 放礦學. 北京: 冶金工業出版社, 1982 Wang H C. Ore Drawing. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1982
[5]	李榮福, 郭進平. 類橢球體放礦理論及放礦理論檢驗. 北京: 冶金工業出版社, 2016 Li R F, Guo J P. Quasi-ellipsoid Drawing Theory and Verification of Drawing. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2016
[6]	任鳳玉. 隨機介質放礦理論及其應用. 北京: 冶金工業出版社, 1994 Ren F Y. Stochastic Medium Theory for Ore Drawing and Its Application. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 1994
[7]	Fr?str?m J. Examination of Equivalent Model Materials for Development and Design of Sublevel Caving[Dissertation]. Stockholm: Royal Institute of Technology, 1970
[8]	Jin A B, Sun H, Wu S C, et al. Confirmation of the upside-down drop shape theory in gravity flow and development of a new empirical equation to calculate the shape. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, 2017, 92: 91 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2016.12.005
[9]	?ssr R K. Gravity flow of granular materials in hoppers and bins. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abs, 1965, 2(1): 25 doi: 10.1016/0148-9062(65)90020-3
[10]	?ssr R K. Gravity flow of granular materials in hoppers and bins in mines—Ⅱ. Coarse material. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abs, 1965, 2(3): 277 doi: 10.1016/0148-9062(65)90029-X
[11]	Janelid I, Kvapli R. Sublevel caving. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abs, 1966, 3(2): 129 doi: 10.1016/0148-9062(66)90004-0
[12]	Laubscher D H. Block Cave Manual, Design Topic: Drawpoint Spacing and Draw Control[Dissertation]. Brisbane: The University of Queensland, 2000
[13]	Power G R. Modelling Granular Flow in Caving Mines: Large Scale Physical Modelling and Full Scale Experiments [Dissertation]. Brisbane: The University of Queensland, 2004
[14]	Castro R, Trueman R, Halim A. A study of isolated draw zones in block caving mines by means of a large 3D physical model. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, 2007, 44(6): 860 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2007.01.001
[15]	陶干強, 楊仕教, 任鳳玉. 崩落礦巖散粒體流動性能試驗研究. 巖土力學, 2009, 30(10):2950 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2009.10.010 Tao G Q, Yang S J, Feng Y F. Experimental research on granular flow characters of caved ore and rock. Rock Soil Mech, 2009, 30(10): 2950 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2009.10.010
[16]	王洪江, 尹升華, 吳愛祥, 等. 崩落礦巖流動特性及影響因素實驗研究. 中國礦業大學學報, 2010, 39(5):693 Wang H J, Ying S H, Wu A X, et al. Experimental study of the factors affecting the ore flow mechanism during block caving. J China Univ Min Technol, 2010, 39(5): 693
[17]	王云鵬, 余健. 無底柱分段崩落法崩礦步距的優化. 中南大學學報(自然科學版), 2014, 45(2):603 Wang Y P, Yu J. Optimization of breaking interval in non-pillar sublevel caving mining. J Cent South Univ Sci Technol, 2014, 45(2): 603
[18]	邵安林. 端部放礦廢石移動規律試驗研究. 礦冶工程, 2012, 32(3):1 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2012.03.001 Sao A L. Experimental research on mullock movement in the side drawing. Min Metall Eng, 2012, 32(3): 1 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2012.03.001
[19]	徐帥, 安龍, 李元輝, 等. 無底柱分段崩落法多端壁傾角下崩礦步距優化. 東北大學學報(自然科學版), 2012, 33(1):120 Xu S, An L, Li Y H, et al. Optimization of caving space for different angles of end-wall during pillarless sublevel caving. J Northeast Univ Nat Sci, 2012, 33(1): 120
[20]	Castro R, Pineda M. The role of gravity flow in the design and planning of large sublevel stopes. J South Afr Inst Min Metall, 2015, 115(2): 113 doi: 10.17159/2411-9717/2015/v115n2a4
[21]	孫浩, 金愛兵, 高永濤, 等. 期望體理論的實驗研究及端部放礦崩礦步距優化. 工程科學學報, 2016, 38(9):1197 Sun H, Jin A B, Gao Y T, et al. Experimental research on the expectation body theory and optimization of the rate of advance during ore breaking in side drawing. Chin J Eng, 2016, 38(9): 1197
[22]	Cundall P A, Strack O D L. A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies. Geotechnique, 1979, 29(1): 47 doi: 10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.47
[23]	朱煥春. PFC及其在礦山崩落開采研究中的應用. 巖石力學與工程學報, 2006, 25(9):1927 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2006.09.030 Zhu H C. PFC and application case of caving study. Chin J Rock Mech Eng, 2006, 25(9): 1927 doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2006.09.030
[24]	Hashim M H M. Particle Percolation in Block Caving Mines[Dissertation]. Sydney: The University of New South Wales, 2011
[25]	Song Z Y, Wei W J, Zhang J W. Numerical investigation of effect of particle shape on isolated extracted zone (IEZ) in block caving. Arab J Geosci, 2018, 11(12): 310 doi: 10.1007/s12517-018-3669-1
[26]	胡建華, 郭福鐘, 羅先偉, 等. 緩傾斜中厚礦體崩落開采礦石流動規律仿真與放礦參數優化. 中南大學學報(自然科學版), 2015, 46(5):1772 doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2015.05.027 Hu J H, Guo F Z, Luo X W, et al. Simulation of ore flow behavior and optimization of discharge parameters for caving method in gently inclined medium thickness ore-body. J Cent South Univ Sci Technol, 2015, 46(5): 1772 doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2015.05.027
[27]	孫浩, 金愛兵, 高永濤, 等. 崩落法采礦中放出體流動特性的影響因素. 工程科學學報, 2015, 37(9):1111 Sun H, Jin A B, Gao Y T, et al. Influencing factors on the flow characteristics of an isolated extraction zone in caving mining. Chin J Eng, 2015, 37(9): 1111
[28]	孫浩, 金愛兵, 高永濤, 等. 復雜邊界條件下崩落礦巖流動特性. 中南大學學報(自然科學版), 2015, 46(10):3782 doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2015.10.031 Sun H, Jin A B, Gao Y T, et al. Flow characteristics of caved ore and rock under complex boundary conditions. J Cent South Univ Sci Technol, 2015, 46(10): 3782 doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2015.10.031
[29]	孫浩, 金愛兵, 高永濤, 等. 不同端壁傾角條件下放出體形態研究及最優崩礦步距的確定. 工程科學學報, 2016, 38(2):159 Sun H, Jin A B, Gao Y T, et al. Research of the isolated extraction zone form and determination of optimal independent advance under different end wall angles. Chin J Eng, 2016, 38(2): 159
[30]	Castro R, Gómez R, Pineda M, et al. Experimental quantification of vertical stresses during gravity flow in block caving. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, 2020, 127: 104237 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2020.104237
[31]	Rafiee R, Ataei M, Khalookakaie R, et al. Numerical modeling of influence parameters in cavabililty of rock mass in block caving mines. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci, 2018, 105: 22 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.03.001
[32]	Itasca Consulting Group Inc. PFC 6.0 documentation[EB/OL]. Itasca Consulting Group Inc (2019)[2020-07-11]. http://docs.itascacg.com/pfc600/pfc/docproject/index.html
[33]	Sun H, Jin A B, Elmo D, et al. A numerical based approach to calculate ore dilution rates using rolling resistance model and upside-down drop shape theory. Rock Mech Rock Eng, 2020, 53(10): 4639 doi: 10.1007/s00603-020-02180-6
[34]	孫浩. 基于顆粒元理論的崩落礦巖運移演化機理研究[學位論文]. 北京: 北京科技大學, 2019 Sun H. Study on Migration and Evolution Mechanism of Caved Ore and Rock Based on the Particle Flow Theory[Dissertation]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2019
[35]	Castro R L. Study of the Mechanisms of Gravity Flow for Block Caving[Dissertation]. Brisbane: University of Queensland, 2007
[36]	Arévalo R, Maza D, Pugnaloni L A. Identification of arches in two-dimensional granular packings. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys, 2006, 74(2): 021303 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.74.021303