Abstract: Tailings thickening is an important process of paste filling technology. At present, a deep cone thickener is often used for tailings thickening. The sedimentation rate of tailings affects the solid flux of the deep cone thickener and determines the area occupied by the deep cone thickener. At present, the addition of flocculant to tailings has become a common practice to improve the efficiency of tailings thickening. Thus, the influence of various factors on the solid flux of the deep cone thickener needs to be investigated. In this study, the solid flux of the deep cone thickener was calculated through the static sedimentation experiment of the graduated cylinder, and the influence law of the flocculant unit consumption and slurry concentration on the solid flux of the deep cone thickener was analyzed, and the influence of the two factors on the solid flux of the deep cone thickener was determined. Results showed that the tailings exhibit a quadratic function relationship when the flocculant unit consumption is 5–30 g·t?1. At 6%–26% solid mass fraction of slurry, the solid flux first increases and then decreases, which is consistent with the experiment. The regression analysis of the solid flux equation under the coupling effect of flocculant unit consumption and slurry concentration shows that the contribution of the two factors to solid flux is slurry concentration > flocculant unit consumption. Based on the analysis of the influence of flocculant unit consumption and slurry concentration on solid flux, the reasons for the different contribution values of flocculant unit consumption and slurry concentration were summarized. According to the mathematical relationship between flocculant unit consumption, slurry concentration, and solid flux obtained from the research, engineering suggestions for the design and operation of the deep cone thickener were proposed. During the operation of the deep cone thickener, the slurry concentration should be guaranteed first, followed by the flocculant unit consumption.
Abstract: With the advantages of efficiency and economy, deep-cone thickener (DCT) has been increasingly applied in tailings management. The rake in the DCT is essential for obtaining high-concentration underflow slurry; thus, more emphasis was placed on the effects of rakes on the underflow concentration. However, high concentration means high yield stress, which may lead to rake blockage. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of flocculation and sedimentation on the yield stress of thickened ultrafine tailings slurry. First, flocculation and sedimentation experiments were conducted under a pH range of 8 to 11 and flocculant dosage of 0 to 45 g·t?1 to obtain different thickened ultrafine tailings slurries. Then, the yield stress was measured through an in situ test. Finally, the amount of flocculant adsorbed on the tailings particle surface was analyzed by total organic carbon analysis. The amount of flocculant adsorbed on the tailings particles surface increased with the pH and flocculant dosage over the entire experiment range. Then, the yield stress increased with the increase in the amount of adsorbed flocculant, indicating that flocculation sedimentation has a significant influence on the yield stress. Based on the flocculation sedimentation behavior and yield stress, the optimal conditions were a pH of 8 and flocculant dosage of 15 g·t?1. Under these conditions, the initial settling rate of the solid–liquid interface was 0.4565 mm·s?1, supernate turbidity was 143 NTU, solid mass fraction of sediment was 51.56%, and yield stress was 243.18 Pa. The relationship between yield stress and the amount of flocculant adsorbed and yield stress was investigated, and an empirical model for yield stress based on flocculant adsorption was established. It was found that the yield stress increased with the amount of flocculant adsorbed, providing a reference for the control of flocculation sedimentation parameters in actual production.
Abstract: In-situ leaching is extensively used in the mining industry to recover rare earths from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore. In the leaching system, the pore structure of rare earth ore is one of the most important factors that influence the leaching performance. A small column leaching experiment was performed with deionized water as a leaching solution to study the effect of solution seepage on pore structure evolution characteristics in the leaching process of weathering crust eluviation rare earth ore. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed on the ore sample before and after leaching, and internal structure images of the sample were obtained. The pore structures of the rare earth ore sample were obtained using the threshold segmentation algorithm. The variation characteristics of pore structure of a rare earth ore sample under the action of solution seepage were then studied, and the effects of solution seepage on sample porosity, pore volume, length, width, azimuthal angle, and other parameters were analyzed. The results show that the pore shape and size of rare earth ore change significantly due to solution seepage, most notably in the contact area of the coarse and fine particles. The solution seepage increases the porosity of rare earth ore, decreases the total number of pores, and increases the total volume of pores. Besides, the number of small and medium-sized pores decreases, while the number of large pores increases due to seepage. The change rate of the number of pores in each size interval increases and then decreases as pore size increases. Compared with the initial state, the distribution of pore aspect ratio is more concentrated after the solution seepage. Moreover, the distribution of pore azimuthal angle is more uniform, and the anisotropy of pore structure is enhanced by solution seepage.
Abstract: Coal spontaneous combustion seriously restricts the safe production of coal mines, and adding an inhibitor is one of the effective methods to prevent coal spontaneous combustion. To improve the pertinence and high efficiency of the inhibitor, this paper considered the intrinsic properties and external conditions that affect the occurrence of coal spontaneous combustion, combined with the characteristics that the rare earth hydrotalcite can effectively improve the thermal stability, coupling, and flame retardancy of the coal and the halide inhibitor. The halide inhibitor can enhance the permeability, dispersion, and uniformity of the rare earth hydrotalcite as a carrier. The halide carrier inorganic salt inhibitor was prepared. To study the inhibition mechanism and performance of the halide carrier inorganic salt inhibitor on coal spontaneous combustion, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to test the variation law of parameters, such as stage characteristics, characteristic temperature, thermal effect, and apparent activation energy in the process of coal spontaneous combustion under the action of a rare earth hydrotalcite, MgCl2 and a halide carrier inorganic salt inhibitor. Test results reveal that the OH of the rare earth hydrotalcite laminate can generate a weak hydrogen bond with acidic functional groups such as ?COOH in coal molecules so that the activity of the acidic functional groups is weakened. Mg2+ complexes with ?COO? in coal molecules to form ?COOMg?, resulting in the weakening of the C=O activity in ?COO?, which is the main mechanism of the halide carrier inorganic salts inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion. The endothermic peak of the DSC curve appears as a double peak or multi-peak after the addition of halide carrier inorganic salts to the coal sample. Compared with the raw coal, the peak temperature is shifted back by 50–60 ℃, the T1 temperature is shifted back by 90–100 ℃, and the total heat release decreased by 19–27 kJ?g?1. Furthermore, the apparent activation energy of each stage of the coal body is effectively improved. Results revealed that the halide carrier inorganic salt inhibitor could effectively inhibit the reaction process of coal spontaneous combustion.
Abstract: Anshan-type low-grade hematite ore is one of the most important types of iron ore in China. It is usually separated by a combined process of gravity concentration-magnetic separation-reverse flotation. However, the tailings produced by different separation operations have different properties, and a large amount of the residual iron in the minerals cannot be recovered effectively; therefore, mixing these tailings is unscientific for most concentrators. Given this situation, this paper takes the iron tailings of the Qidashan iron ore dressing plant as an example to make a comparative analysis of the technological mineralogy of four types of tailings (i.e., gravity tailings, magnetic tailings, flotation tailings, and mixed tailings) and evaluate the recoverability of iron in these tailings. The results show that the main iron and gangue minerals are hematite and quartz, respectively. The content of harmful elements S and P is low in the tailings. In addition, the metal distribution rate of iron in the tailings varies with the size, showing a rule of high at both ends and low in the middle. It is also found that iron minerals are mainly wrapped in coarse gangue, and iron minerals in the flotation tailings are mainly contained in fine-grained conglomerates. Although the iron minerals in the magnetic separation tailings are extremely fine, mixed tailings have a wide range of particle sizes and extremely uneven distribution. Single gravity separation and magnetic separation methods are used to reconcentrate different types of tailings, and the best index is found to exist in flotation tailings, followed by gravity tailings, and that of mixed tailings is the worst. However, recovering iron from magnetic tailings is pointless. The mineralogical characteristics of Anshan-type hematite ore tailing underlies its recovery potential of iron and provides a reference for the retreatment of similar iron ore tailings.
Abstract: To explore the influence of the oxidation and spontaneous combustion process of fractured coal at different burial depths under uniaxial stress, the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal under loading was studied within the testing device of coal spontaneous combustion and loading. Bituminous coal from the Liuhuanggou mining area in Xinjiang was selected and oxidized in the oxygen-lean environment loaded at the range of 0–8 MPa. Based on the relationship between the gas generated in the experiment and the temperature, we calculated the apparent activation energy and oxygen consumption rate of coal samples under uniaxial stress. We combined the oxidation kinetics and pyrolysis parameters of spontaneous coal combustion to describe the nonlinear development of coal from slow to rapid oxidation under uniaxial stress. Based on catastrophe theory, the catastrophic temperature and critical temperature of bituminous coal oxidation-combustion process under test conditions were calculated, and four characteristic parameters were determined: catastrophic temperature $ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}} $ (characterization of CO) and $ {T}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{Y}} $ (characterization of oxygen consumption rate), and critical temperature $ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}^{'} $ (characterization of CO) and $ {T}_{\mathrm{H}\mathrm{Y}}^{'} $ (characterization of oxygen consumption rate), and analyzed the variation of different characteristic parameters with uniaxial stress. The analysis results show that the pyrolysis gas concentration, apparent activation energy, and oxygen consumption rate follow a cubic function law that first increases, then decreases, and then increases with increases in the uniaxial stress (the critical axial pressures at 1.8 and 5.5 MPa). At 1.8 MPa, the apparent activation energy and various parameter values are lowest, the oxygen reaction rate of coal is fastest, and the oxygen consumption rate is the highest. When the uniaxial stress is 5.5 MPa, the oxygen consumption rate is the highest, the greatest number of new cracks is created, and the characteristic $ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}} $ parameters have the greatest impact. The temperature index of spontaneous coal combustion slowly transitions to rapid oxidation, and the catastrophic temperature $ {T}_{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}} $ characterized by the CO concentration is the most accurate. The research results have important theoretical guiding significance for the early warning and prevention and control of spontaneous combustion of coal at different buried depths.
Abstract: Grain boundaries of high-temperature metallic materials, such as alloys, are often considered weak. At elevated temperatures, the strength of the grain boundary is relatively lower than that of the intragranular areas, and cracks often initially form on the grain boundary and then develop along it, which leads to premature failure and significantly degrades the mechanical performance of the material at high temperature. Therefore, how to optimize the morphology and improve the strength of the grain boundary is key to improving the properties of alloys at high temperatures. A serrated grain boundary is a type of grain boundary with a wave shape evolving from the bending of the flat grain boundary during special heat treatments. For iron/nickel-based austenitic polycrystalline alloys, grain boundary serration has been viewed as an effective method for strengthening their grain boundaries and enhancing their properties. Here, the research progress of serrated grain boundaries was reviewed based on the aspects of formation method, formation mechanism, and their influence on the properties of materials. The methods of formation of serrated grain boundaries for different types of alloys, such as controlled cooling heat treatment, isothermal heat treatment, mechanical heat treatment, and alloying, were summarized. The interactions between the grain boundary and intergranular precipitates, such as M7C3 carbide, M23C6 carbide, and γ′ phase, were discussed in detail to understand the formation mechanism of the serrated grain boundary and how it improving the properties of materials and reveal the driving force of grain boundary migration. In addition, the influences of the serrated grain boundary on the mechanical (rupture, creep, fatigue, and tensile) properties, corrosion properties (hot and stress corrosion), and heat-affected-zone (HAZ) liquefying cracking behavior of different alloys were analyzed. Last, based on the abovementioned details, development directions for future work on serrated grain boundaries were outlined.
Abstract: Duplex stainless steel (DSS) has been widely used in some harsh environments, such as flue gas shedding and seawater desalination, because of its high strength and corrosion resistance. These excellent properties rely on a high alloy content (Cr, Mo, N, etc.) and perfect dual-phase equilibrium. The dual-phase equilibrium mainly includes dual-phase proportion balance, properties balance, and absence of clear secondary phase in the solid solution structure. As one of the main developmental directions of DSS, hyper-duplex stainless steel (HDSS) has attracted much attention in recent years. In this paper, the effects of solution treatment on precipitates, microstructure, and properties of S32707 HDSS were studied by Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation, OM and FE-SEM observation, mechanical properties, and corrosion property tests. The results showed that σ phase and non-equilibrium nitrides were the main precipitates of solution-treated HDSS. When the solution temperature was lower than 1050 ℃, the σ phase precipitated preferentially along the dual-phase boundaries, which significantly reduced the impact toughness of HDSS. When the solution temperature was higher than 1100 ℃, non-equilibrium nitrides precipitated in ferrite grains, and the number of non-equilibrium nitrides increased with an increase in solution temperature. The reason for the non-equilibrium nitride precipitation was that the nitrogen content in the ferrite increased with an increase in temperature. This led to the supersaturation of nitrogen in the ferrite grains during the rapid cooling process. Under such conditions, the finely dispersed non-equilibrium nitrides precipitated in the ferrite grains. With increasing solution temperature, the content of the ferrite increased, the content of austenite decreased, the strength increased, and the impact toughness decreased. The optimal solution temperature of HDSS was 1080?1120 ℃. Under this condition, the ratio of duplex was close to 1∶1, and the S32707 hyper duplex stainless steel presented excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and intergranular corrosion resistance.
Abstract: Ceramic composite bulletproof armor is composed of hard ceramic and metal or fiber composite back plate and used as lightweight, protective armor to prevent the penetration of high-speed projectiles, such as armor-piercing projectiles. Presently, ceramic composite bulletproof armor has been a research hotspot in military protection. Alumina, boron carbide, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride are commonly used as hard ceramic materials in ceramic composite bulletproof armor systems to resist projectile impact. High-performance fibers, particularly carbon and ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers, are combined to improve the deformation resistance of the ceramic layer. Carbon fiber is a high-quality fiber with high specific strength and specific modulus. Carbon fiber plays an important role in ensuring the protection stability of ceramic bulletproof plates. The energy absorption process and absorption mechanism of ceramic composite bulletproof armor are complex at the moment of resisting projectile penetration. The simulation of the projectile penetration under different experimental conditions has always been the focus of bulletproof armor research. To address the core problem that the interfacial debonding between fiber and matrix determines energy absorption, a series of standard adhesion parameters are adopted to adjust the interfacial adhesion force of composite plates, and the interfacial delamination process is simulated based on the interfacial adhesion behavior and damage parameters. Simultaneously, using ABAQUS/Explicit, a high-speed impact damage analysis model of the ceramic/fiber composite bulletproof plate was established. Based on the analysis of the initial and residual velocities of the projectile, we investigated the relationship between structural components of the composite bulletproof plate, fiber performance, laminated layer structures, and resistance to penetration. Combined with the von Mises stress and matrix damage nephograms, the stress and damage forms of the composite bulletproof plate were discussed. Finally, the accuracy of the model was verified through ballistic impact experiments. The experimental results showed that the bulletproof plate composed of 13 mm SiC ceramic, 5 mm carbon fiber composite, and 17 mm UHMWPE composite effectively prevented the penetration of projectile and exhibited evident effects on the absorption of the kinetic energy of the projectile and the attenuation of projectile velocity.
Abstract: To meet special requirements and respond to control problems of surface micromorphology of different strips in skin rolling process, a rolling transfer generation model of the surface micromorphology contact between work roll and actual rough surface of strip was established on the basis of batch tracing the surface micromorphology of electric discharge textured roll, grinding roll and cold rolled strip. The inheritance and evolution of surface micromorphology of the strip was analyzed based on the generation model and the accuracy of the generation model was verified by industrial experiments. The concepts of negative transfer and transfer saturation were proposed, and the descriptive indicators for two extreme rolling transfer status (the maximum negative transfer and transfer saturation) were defined. When strip surface roughness is equal to or less than that of roll, a maximum negative transfer point and transfer saturation point exist, while when strip surface roughness is greater than that of roll, the maximum negative transfer point is in superposition with the transfer saturation point. Under the above precondition, through the rolling force of critical strip width, which corresponds to the maximum negative transfer point and transfer saturation point, the inheritance and evolution of surface micromorphology of the strip were characterized. The effect of strip yield strength, strip surface roughness, and roll surface roughness on the rolling force of critical strip width corresponding to maximum negative transfer point and transfer saturation point were also analyzed. Results show that with the increase of strip yield strength and roll surface roughness, the rolling force of critical strip width corresponding to maximum negative transfer point and transfer saturation point increases. With the increase of strip surface roughness, the rolling force of critical strip width corresponding to maximum negative transfer point increases, and the rolling force of critical strip width corresponding to transfer saturation point decreases.
Abstract: Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) that feature components with the same geometrical size as that of an individual grain have been widely used in a variety of industries, including electronics, machinery, energy, transportation, aerospace, and architecture. Owing to the widespread engineering application of MEMS and nanoelectromechanical system devices, including sensors and actuators, submicron scale crystal materials exhibit mechanical behaviors different from those of macroscale materials, such as size effect, intermittent plastic flow, and strain rate effect, that have become significant topics in mechanics and materials research in recent years. Since dislocations are the carriers of plastic deformation, understanding the dislocation mechanism of submicron crystalline materials is crucial for designing and predicting microdevice reliability. To improve the understanding of abnormal mechanical behavior and dynamic deformation of submicron scale crystal components in processing and application, a two-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics model of single crystal copper for plastic deformation was established based on the discrete dislocation dynamics theory. The effects of applied load, dislocation interactions, and image force by the free surface on dislocations were all considered in the numerical model, and the cutoff weighted dislocation velocity was also introduced. The model can be used to describe the “dislocation avalanche” effect under stress-controlled modes and interpret the dislocation evolution and mechanical behavior under different loading modes and strain rates, as demonstrated by microcompression experiments. When the external loading modes are force control and displacement control, the stress–strain curves show a step-like character under strain and a sharply serrated character under stress, respectively. The randomization of the dislocation velocity and intermittent activation of dislocation sources are the internal mechanisms of the dislocation avalanche effect. The strain rate sensitivity of the yield stress for single crystal copper changes in the strain rate range of 102–4 × 104 s?1. The evolution characteristics of the dislocations change from single slip plane to uniform deformations induced by multiple slip planes activation, and the dominant mechanism for the strain rate effect of yield stress is dislocation multiplication rather than dislocation source activation.
Abstract: With the increase in the urban underground buildings and the limitation of underground space, there are increasing double-line or even multi-line pipe jacking projects with small spacing. In the process of pipe jacking with small spacing, due to the influence of pipe-pipe interaction, the earth pressure distribution around the pipes changes greatly, which leads to difficulties in the load determination, structure calculation, and jacking force prediction and control. Combined with the back analysis of numerical simulation, based on Terzaghi’s theory of consolidation and limit equilibrium theory, the soil loosening line and the retaining line of the existing pipe are assumed, and a new calculation method of vertical earth pressure on the vault of parallel pipe jacking with small spacing is established. The effects of soil shear strength, pipe diameter, and pipe spacing on the earth pressure are analyzed, and the calculated earth pressure on the vault of the new pipe is compared with those calculated by the soil column theory and Terzaghi’s theory without considering the influence of the existing pipe. The results show that the vertical earth pressure of the new pipe jacking vault increases with the increase in the soil shear strength, but the earth pressure on both sides of the new pipe jacking decreases. When the shear strength is large, the earth pressure on the vault calculated by this method is smaller than that calculated by Terzaghi’s theory. When the shear strength is small, the earth pressure on the vault calculated by this method is larger than that calculated by Terzaghi’s theory. When the buried depth of the pipe increases, the earth pressure on the vault of the new pipe jacking increases, but compared with the soil column theory and Terzaghi’s theory, the earth pressure increment is smaller. With the increase of the spacing between the two pipes, the earth pressure on the vault of the new pipe jacking arch increases.
Abstract: Based on the development and distribution of cracks, we explored the shear performance of concrete beams without web reinforcement under different shear span ratios and longitudinal reinforcement ratios. Nine groups of concrete beams without web reinforcement with shear-span ratios of 1.5, 2, 2.5 and longitudinal reinforcement ratios of 1.28%, 1.62%, and 1.99% were used for four-point loading shear tests. The cracks on the surface of the test beam were analyzed by applying fractal geometry theory, and the box counting method was used to calculate the fractal dimension of the cracks on the surface of the beam under the effect of the graded load and the ultimate load. The relationship among the fractal dimension of the beam surface, the ultimate load, the graded load and the span was discussed. The results show that the shear-span ratio is inversely proportional to the ultimate load and cracking load, while the longitudinal reinforcement ratio is directly proportional to the ultimate load and exhibit a small influence on the cracking load. Concrete beams without web reinforcement have obvious fractal characteristics under the effect of graded loading or ultimate load. The fractal dimension under the effect of graded load is 0.964–1.449, and the fractal dimension under the effect of ultimate load is around 1.33. The graded load, mid-span deflection and fractal dimension show a good logarithmic relationship. The change curve of graded load and fractal dimension is affected by the shear-span ratio and the beam longitudinal reinforcement ratio. The intermediate deflection is less affected by the shear-span ratio. Under the effect of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, the curvature of the curve shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, but the relationship between the ultimate load and the fractal dimension has certain differences. The ultimate load first increases and then decreases with the increase of the shear span ratio, and the difference is greater with the increase of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio.
Abstract: The shale gas reservoirs in China are unconventional gas reservoirs that have been developed with volumetric fracturing engineering technologies to achieve effective production. However, shale reservoirs differ from conventional reservoirs in that they have widely distributed nanoscale pores, low porosity and permeability, and widely distributed microfractures. Shale reservoirs have various gas flow mechanisms, including desorption, diffusion, slippage, and seepage, which result in a cross-scale and multifluid coexistence flow through matrix microfractures and artificial fractures. Conventional oil and gas development theories and technologies are not directly applicable to shale gas reservoirs. Therefore, to establish shale development theories and technologies and realize the efficient development of shale gas reservoirs in China, targeted research is required. This article summarized the basic laws of shale gas flow, the multifluid, multiscale, and multifield coupled transport mechanism and porous flow laws of shale gas flow, and the multiscale and nonlinear unified flow equation based on desorption, diffusion, slippage, and porous flow. The full multiscale flow pattern was also provided. The multizone and multifield coupling nonlinear porous flow theories for multistage fractured horizontal shale gas wells were established to detect the production range and development dynamics of flow field zone reserves in shale gas reservoirs. A production decline model for shale gas production was developed based on the characteristics of China's shale gas reservoirs. Based on the abovementioned theory, development design methods and classification and optimization target evaluation methods that are suitable for China's shale gas reservoirs have been proposed. The progress of the adaptability technology for China's shale gas fracturing development process was summarized. The future developmental direction of efficient shale gas development theory was forecasted on this basis to provide guidance for shale gas theory and technology research in China.
Abstract: Ice accretion on a bare surface causes a serious problem in industries and daily life such as communication, electricity, and transportation. At present, the main de-icing method is active de-icing, which includes mechanical de-icing or electric-thermal de-icing and spraying glycol anti-icing agents. These methods have a high cost of manpower, energy, and environment. In addition, active de-icing is not applicable in many scenarios. To solve this problem, icephobic surfaces are expected to be widely used. Icephobic surfaces can be divided into surfaces that prolong the freezing time and surfaces with low ice adhesion. Anti-icing surfaces, represented by superhydrophobic surfaces, can inhibit a stable formation of ice nucleation from delaying ice formation, which enables the supercooled droplets to rebound from the surface to prevent ice formation. However, under high humidity and high atmospheric pressure, the superhydrophobic surface may lose efficiency due to frosting and other reasons. Compared with anti-icing surfaces, de-icing surfaces are more achievable. Thus, this article mainly explores surfaces with low ice adhesion. Passive de-icing mainly refers to the construction of the ice sparing surface on a bare substrate to reduce the adhesion strength of icing. Compared with active de-icing methods, the passive method has advantages of low energy consumption, low cost, and environmental friendliness. The realization of low ice adhesion is mainly related to low surface energy, interface slippage, and crack initiation. According to the realization mechanism, low ice adhesion surfaces can be divided into low surface energy surfaces, lubricated surfaces, interfacial slippage and low shear modulus surfaces, and crack initiators surfaces. The design principles and mechanism of the de-icing surface are explored and summarized in this article. In addition, to eliminate the doubts about the large variations in the reported ice adhesion strength caused by different measurement methods, the measurement standards of ice adhesion are also analyzed and discussed.
Monthly, started in 1955 Supervising institution：Ministry of Education Sponsoring Institution：University of Science and Technology Beijing Editorial office：Editorial Department of Chinese Journal of Engineering Publisher：Science Press Chairperson：Ren-shu Yang Editor-in-Chief：Ai-xiang Wu ISSN 2095-9389CN 2095-9389
