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摘要: 深部煤炭資源開采已勢在必行，但隨著開采深度的增加，伴生著熱能的釋放，該熱能作為地熱資源的重要組成部分，是一種不受環境因素影響的可再生清潔能源。深部礦井開采帶來的豐富地熱可作為共生資源進行開采利用。基于此，本文總結了深部礦井地熱資源的發展潛力以及地熱與煤炭資源開采的現狀，論述了深部礦井地熱開發的必要性和可行性，創新了地熱與煤炭資源協同開發的思路，闡述了礦山地熱與煤炭資源協同開發的內涵與科學問題，圍繞深部礦山巖熱和水熱資源開發這一主題，利用煤炭資源開采的采后空間及生產系統，提出了充填埋管采熱、采空區儲水采熱、采動區封閉采熱及深部原位鉆井采熱4種采熱方法，探討了深部礦山地熱探測評價、深部大空間煤基固廢吸熱功能材料、多場環境下采場巖層移動特征及其控制、低品位熱能的高效傳輸及階梯利用和協同開發系統智能監測等技術的研究重點與難點。研究成果將為中國深部礦山地熱與煤炭資源的協同開發提供技術支撐，為深部礦井資源系統開發提供理論與實踐參考，促進我國深部礦井綠色礦山建設與多元經濟型發展。Abstract: Coal resources are non-renewable one-time energy. With the increase in mining depth, thermal energy is released with the exploitation of deep coal resources. It is renewable and clean, unaffected by environmental factors, and is an important part of geothermal resources. The Chinese government attaches great importance to and encourages the development and utilization of clean energy. Therefore, this paper summarizes the development potential of geothermal resources in deep mines and the current situation of geotherm and coal mining, discusses the necessity and feasibility of geothermal development in deep mines, innovates a collaborative mining of geothermal energy and coal resources, and expounds the scientific and technical problems of the coordinated development of geothermal and coal resources in mines. The scientific problems primarily include the distribution characteristics and the supply law of geothermal sources in deep mines, the law of energy conduction and evolution in stopes, and the heat and mass transfer mechanism of low-grade geothermal energy. The technical problems mainly include the optimization method of the system for the coordinated development of geothermal and coal resources in deep mines, the method for the coordinated development of geothermal and coal resources in deep mines, etc. Focusing on the theme of the development of rock heat and hydrothermal resources in deep mines and considering the post-mining space and production system, this paper introduces four heat recovery methods: buried pipe heat recovery method in the backfilled stopes, water storage and heat recovery method in the goaf, heat recovery method in the closed fracture and caving zones, and in-situ drilling for the heat recovery method in deep aquifers. Keys and difficulties of this paper include the detection and evaluation of geothermal energy in deep mines, heat-absorbing functional materials of coal-based solid waste in deep and large spaces, the characteristics and controlling methods of the rock stratum movement in a multi-field environment in mine stopes, efficient transmission and stepped utilization system of low-grade heat energy, and the intelligent monitoring of geothermal energy and coal collaborative mining system. The results of this paper will provide technical support for the collaborative mining of geothermal energy and coal resources in deep mines in China, as well as provide a theoretical and practical reference for the development of a deep mine resources system in China and promote the construction of green mines and multi-economic development of deep mines in China.
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圖 1 中國部分礦井圍巖溫度與開采深度分布
Figure 1. Distribution of mine temperatures and mining depths in China
圖 3 地熱與煤炭資源協同開發的內涵
Figure 3. Connotation of collaborative mining of geothermal energy and coal resources
圖 4 深部地熱源分布及補給方式示意圖
Figure 4. Distribution of deep mine geothermal sources and recharge mode
圖 5 低品位地熱能傳熱傳質基本框架圖
Figure 5. Basic framework of heat- and mass-transferring mechanism of low-grade geothermal energy
圖 6 地熱與煤炭資源協同開發思路圖
Figure 6. Collaborative mining of geothermal energy and coal resources
圖 7 地熱與煤炭資源協同開發技術框架圖
Figure 7. Technical framework of the collaborative mining of geothermal energy and coal resources
圖 8 深部礦山地熱與煤炭資源協同開發系統優化框架
Figure 8. Optimization framework of the collaborative mining system of geothermal energy and coal resources in deep mines
圖 9 充填埋管采熱法原理示意圖
Figure 9. Schematic of the buried pipe heat recovery method in backfilled stopes
圖 10 采空區儲水采熱法原理示意圖
Figure 10. Schematic of the water storage and heat recovery method in goaf
圖 11 采動區封閉采熱法原理示意圖
Figure 11. Schematic of the heat recovery method in the closed fracture and caving zones
圖 12 深部原位鉆井采熱法示意圖
Figure 12. Schematic of in-situ drilling for the heat recovery method in deep aquifers
圖 13 石墨改性煤基固廢材料導熱系數
Figure 13. Thermal conductivity of graphite-modified coal-based solid waste materials
圖 14 應力場、滲流場、溫度場之間的作用機理
Figure 14. Influence mechanism of stress field, seepage field, and temperature field
圖 15 低品位熱能高效階梯利用模式
Figure 15. High-efficiency stepped utilization mode of low-grade heat energy
圖 16 地熱與煤炭協同開發智能監測系統
Figure 16. Intelligent monitoring and control system for the collaborative mining of geothermal energy and coal resources
久色视频表 1 中國不同地區部分礦井數量采深分布表
Table 1. Mining depth of mines sampled from different areas in China
Mining depth/m East China Central China North China Northeast China Northwest China Proportion/% Shandong Anhui Jiangsu Henan Hunan Hebei Liaoning Ningxia 800–1000 4 6 1 2 0 1 0 1 35.71 1000–1200 5 2 4 2 1 2 3 1 47.62 Above 1200 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 16.67 
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