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摘要: 礦井熱濕風流中儲存有大量低位熱能和水汽，導致井下工作環境惡劣，乏風直排造成了大量資源浪費。因此，礦井通風熱濕提取與資源化利用是解決深井熱害和礦井低碳轉型發展的重要途徑之一。受地面大氣狀態參數和井下熱濕源的影響，井巷熱濕風流參數隨時間變化，實時掌握井巷熱濕風流轉變特征是精準提取礦井風流中低位熱能的關鍵。本文基于熱濕風網實時解算，確定了礦井關鍵熱濕節點分布規律及變化特征；建立了冷凝熱濕提取計算模型，研發了熱濕風流低位冷凝余熱提用技術，形成了制冷–除濕聯合的低位熱能原位利用系統；提出了礦井乏風集中式和關鍵節點分布式熱濕提取與資源化利用方法，并對提熱收水效果進行了實例分析，為礦井低位熱能提取利用和熱害治理提供了理論基礎和建設思路。Abstract: Massive low-grade thermal energy and water vapor are stored in the hot and humid airflow of mines, typically resulting in a poor underground working environment and posing threats to worker safety and health. The direct discharge of exhausted ventilation air causes an enormous waste of resources as well as pollution problems to the surrounding environment. Therefore, the extraction and utilization of mine ventilation heat and humidity have become some of the most important ways to solve thermal damage problems in deep mines, thereby boosting their low-carbon transformation development. Affected by the changes in the surface atmospheric and downhole heat and humidity sources, the hot and humid airflow parameters in mines change with time. Real-time determination of the hot and humid airflow characteristics in mines is key to extracting low-grade thermal energy from the underground environment efficiently. In this paper, the distribution law and variation characteristics of key heat and humidity joints are determined based on the real-time calculation of the hot and humid air network. A calculation model of condensation heat and humidity extraction is established, and the technology of low-grade condensation waste heat extraction from heat and humidity airflow is also developed, which, in composition, forms a low-grade heat in situ utilization system combined with refrigeration and dehumidification. Furthermore, the centralized and distributed thermal and humidity extraction and resource utilization methods of coal mine ventilation are put forward. The effects of heat extraction and water recovery are also analyzed using examples. The results show that around 224 t of moisture is wasted every day in ventilation air emission, whose recycling has economic benefits. Thousands of kilowatts of thermal energy are stored in the ventilation air emission, which can be used as direct heat energy or converted electricity. An approximately linear relationship is revealed between the temperature decrease and theoretical moisture recovery from ventilation air emission, providing a rapid way for engineering estimation. The analysis of the heat recovery shows that heat extraction is favored by high initial temperature and humidity due to high values and efficiencies. The application of heat–moisture recovery in underground nodes can effectively moderate the in situ working environment and simultaneously recover some energy as a supply to running costs. This work provides significant construction ideas and a theoretical basis for the extraction and utilization of low-level thermal energy and heat damage control in mines.
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圖 1 井下低位冷凝余熱提取技術流程圖
Figure 1. Flow chart of the underground low-grade condensation waste heat extraction technology
圖 2 基于能量利用與存儲的余熱技術流程圖
Figure 2. Flow chart of the waste heat technology based on energy utilization and storage
圖 3 制冷–除濕聯合可控循環系統
Figure 3. Refrigeration dehumidification combined controllable cycle system
圖 7 井下節點冷凝除濕后混合溫度變化
Figure 7. Temperature changes in the mixed air after water and heat recovery at underground nodes
表 1 乏風熱回收計算參數表
Table 1. Calculation parameters of heat recovery from exhaust air
Parameter Value Data source Exhaust air temperature / ℃ 28.000 Measured Exhaust air humidity / % 95.000 Measured Exhaust air volume / (m3·s–1) 100.000 Ideal gas assumption Water content in the exhaust air / (g·m–3) 28.584 Given Air proportion in the exhaust air / % 97.706 Calculated Water vapor proportion in the exhaust air / % 2.294 Calculated Specific heat capacity of the air at constant pressure / (kJ·kg–1·K–1) 1.004 Given Air density / (kg·m–3) 1.293 Given Specific heat capacity of water vapor at constant pressure / (kJ·kg–1·K–1) 1.860 Given 
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表 2 部分通風網絡節點溫濕度
Table 2. Temperature and humidity in some ventilation network nodes
Node No. Temperature /℃ Relative humidity /% Flow volume /(m3·s–1) Flow velocity /(m·s–1) 7 23.40 96.40 16.00 1.07 8 24.00 90.10 16.00 1.07 13 23.50 86.00 9.50 0.79 14 24.00 85.30 9.10 0.76 15 22.90 93.70 16.15 1.35 16 24.20 88.70 16.21 1.35 19 23.70 91.40 18.76 1.56 22 23.50 85.60 32.44 2.70
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久色视频表 3 部分通風網絡節點空氣含水量
Table 3. Water content in the air at some ventilation network nodes
Node No. 7 8 13 14 15 16 19 22 Water content / (g·m–3) 22.08 21.40 19.82 20.26 20.83 21.32 21.32 21.32
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