基于礦?熱共采的深部高溫巖層地下巷道硐室建造技術思考

陳湘生; 武賢龍; 包小華; 崔宏志; 宋朝陽; 劉志強

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.04.12.006

基于礦?熱共采的深部高溫巖層地下巷道硐室建造技術思考

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2022.04.12.006

1.
深圳大學土木與交通工程學院，深圳 518060
2.
北京中煤礦山工程有限公司，北京 100013

基金項目: 中國工程院重點咨詢研究項目（2019-XZ-16-03）；國家自然科學基金資助重大項目（52090084）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: h.z.cui@szu.edu.cn

中圖分類號: TD801
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-12
- 網絡出版日期: 2022-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-25

Thoughts on roadway and chamber construction technology in deep rock for mineral–geothermal co-mining

1.
College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
2.
Beijing China Coal Mine Engineering Co. Ltd., Beijing 100013, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: h.z.cui@szu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 我國礦產開采逐漸向深部發展，深部礦產和地熱能共采是保障深部資源持續利用的重要手段。深部巷道硐室的建造面臨諸多新的挑戰與技術難題，高溫、高地應力是深部巖層的兩大特點。礦?熱共采模式的發展需首要尋找到應對這兩大難題的技術方案。在分析深部高溫巖層巷道硐室建造的戰略地位及意義的基礎之上，針對深部巷道硐室建造中面臨的熱害問題、圍巖穩定性控制問題總結介紹了現有的技術手段，說明了其在礦?熱共采模式下深部巷道硐室建造中面臨的不足之處，給出了未來的發展方向。礦?熱共采模式下深部巷道硐室的建造應著重解決高溫、高壓下巖石基本物理力學特性不清晰、圍巖穩定性控制技術落后的問題，形成地質精細勘察?優選圍巖降溫及穩定性控制技術?巷道硐室全壽命風險監控的技術體系。
- 礦?熱共采 /
- 硐室巷道 /
- 建造技術 /
- 熱害防治 /
- 穩定性控制
Abstract: With the depletion of shallow mineral resources, China’s mineral mining is gradually developing into deep rock mining, which will become an important source of mineral resources in China. The mineral – geothermal co-mining technology can reduce the heat disaster and utilize the geothermal resources simultaneously, thus being a deep mining technology with wide applications in the future. The co-mining of deep mineral and geothermal energies is an important means to ensure the sustainable utilization of deep resources. However, the construction of deep roadways and chambers faces many new challenges and technical issues. High temperature and stress are the two major characteristics of deep rock, causing completely different mechanical characteristics of deep strata to those of ordinary strata. Technical solutions are required to resolve these two problems in the development of mineral–geothermal co-mining. This study analyzed the strategic position and significance of roadway and chamber construction in deep high-temperature strata and introduced the basic theory of roadway and chamber construction technology in a deep high-temperature environment. Current research is insufficient for application in practical engineering; thus, in the future, diagenetic rock characteristics of rocks under high temperatures should be studied, and the stress–strain characteristics of deep strata under multifield coupling should be described. Targeting the problems of heat disaster and surrounding rock stability control in the construction of deep roadways and chambers, this study summarized and introduced the existing techniques and analyzed the shortcomings in the construction of deep roadways and chambers with co-mining. The traditional deep roadway and chamber construction technology does not fully utilize the resources and fails to provide enough safety guarantees. The construction of deep roadways and chambers should understand the obscure fundamental, physical, and mechanical properties of rock under high temperature and stress and deal with the backward control technology of surrounding rock stability. In addition, new technologies and materials should be used to improve the utilization rate of geothermal energy and achieve carbon neutralization. Finally, establishing a technical system for fine geological survey, optimization of surrounding rock cooling and stability control technology, and roadway and chamber risk monitoring is discussed in this paper.
- mineral–geothermal co-mining /
- roadway and chamber /
- construction technology /
- heat disaster /
- stability control

HTML全文

圖 1 TSP系統^[12]. (a) 幾何示意圖; (b)隧道地震波記錄

Figure 1. TSP system ^[12]: (a) geometric schematic diagram; (b) synthetic tunnel seismic data

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圖 2 熱處理后花崗巖的微觀結構. (a) 300 ℃; (b) 500 ℃; (c) 700 ℃; (d) 900 ℃^[13]

Figure 2. Microstructure of granite after heat treatment: (a) 300 ℃; (b) 500 ℃; (c) 700 ℃; (d) 900 ℃^[13]

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圖 3 巖石可鉆性預測模型.(a) 基于RES理論的巖石可鉆性綜合預測模型^[18]; (b) 基于GA-ANN的巖石可鉆性預測模型^[19]

Figure 3. Rock drillability prediction model: (a) based on the RES theory ^[18]; (b) based on GA-ANN ^[19]

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圖 4 基于開挖的增強型地熱系統(EGS-E)概念^[20]

Figure 4. Concept of an enhanced geothermal system based on excavation ^[20]

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圖 5 相變儲能材料. (a)儲?放熱過程; (b)微膠囊的制備^[22]

Figure 5. Phase-changing energy storage materials: (a) heat storage–exothermic process; (b) preparation of microcapsules ^[22]

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圖 6 圍巖穩定性控制理論. (a) 聯合支護理論^[23]; (b) 松動圈理論^[24]; (c) 應力轉移理論^[25]

Figure 6. Surrounding rock stability control theory: (a) combined support theory ^[23]; (b) loose circle theory ^[24]; (c) stress transfer theory ^[25]

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圖 7 注漿改性對圍巖影響^[28]. (a) 圍巖注漿; (b) 圍巖塑性區

Figure 7. Effect of grouting modification on surrounding rock ^[28]: (a) surrounding rock grouting; (b) plastic zone of surrounding rock

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