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摘要: 為從微觀角度研究煤塵潤濕性影響因素，探究分子結構參數與煤塵潤濕性之間的定量關系，選取3種不同煤階的煤樣進行煤質特征分析以及煤塵潤濕性接觸角測定，同時通過13C核磁共振(13C?NMR)和紅外光譜(FTIR)實驗，獲得了煤分子結構參數，利用SPSS進行煤分子結構參數與接觸角的相關性分析，最后，通過MATLAB進行在3種不同類型表面活性劑作用下的煤塵潤濕性定量表征方程的構建。結果表明：在不同類型表面活性劑的作用下，影響煤塵潤濕性的主要因素不同，主要為： 13C?NMR結構參數中的季碳、亞甲基和次甲基(
${{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{H}}$ )、酚或芳醚碳(${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{P}}$ )、橋接芳碳(${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{B}}$ )，FTIR結構參數中的酯基（?COO?）、醚基（?O?）、羰基（C=O），可依據構建的定量表征方程，利用煤塵微觀分子結構數據，快速進行煤塵潤濕性的表征，進一步豐富了煤塵潤濕的微觀機理。Abstract: Improving the wettability of coal dust is commonly used for dust control in coal mines. The wettability of coal dust can be affected by various factors. This study aims to explore the quantitative relationship between coal dust molecular structure parameters and wettability at a micro level. We selected three samples with different coal ranks, which were labeled as the Shangwan nonstick coal (BN), Zhaolou gas-fast coal (QF), and Yangquan anthracite coal (WY) respectively, and were crushed to coal dust with a particle size of less than 200 mesh (74 μm). Three different types of surfactants, i.e., alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP-10), sodium diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate (rapid penetrant T), and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium-chloride (1631), were used for wetting coal dust. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests were conducted to obtain the microscopic molecular structure parameters of the coal samples. Then the relativity between the contact angle and 13C-NMR structural parameters/FTIR structural parameters were analyzed via the SPSS software to determine the principal factors. Finally, quantitative characterization equations describing the relationship between the wettability and molecular structure parameters of the studied samples were established through multiple linear regressions. Results revealed that under the action of different surfactants, the main factors affecting the wettability of coal dust are different. These factors mainly include quaternary carbon (${{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{H}}$ ), oxygen-connecting aliphatic carbon (${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{P}}$ ), and aromatic bridge carbon (${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{B}}$ ) in 13C?NMR experiments and the ester group (?COO?), ether group (?O?), and carbonyl group (C=O) in FTIR experiments. The quantitative characterization equations established in this study provide a micro insight to understanding the affecting mechanism of coal dust wettability, which could facilitate the selection of surfactants and improve the reduction efficiency of coal dust.-
Key words:
- coal dust /
- wettability /
- 13C?NMR /
- FTIR /
- quantitative characterization
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圖 2 不同煤樣的13C?NMR分峰擬合圖。（a）不粘煤；（b）氣肥煤；（c）無煙煤
Figure 2. 13C-NMR peak fitting diagrams of coal dust with different degrees of metamorphism: (a) BN; (b) QF; (c) WY
圖 3 煤樣碳結構參數變化。（a）
${{f}}_{\text{a}}$ 、${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{C}}$ ；（b）${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{H}}$ 、${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{N}}$ ；（c）${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{P}}$ 、${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{S}}$ 、${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{B}}$ ；（d）${{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{*}}$ 、${{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{H}}$ 、${{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{O}}$ Figure 3. Carbon structural parameters chart of coal dust: (a)
${{f}}_{\text{a}}$ ,${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{C}}$ ; (b)${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{H}}$ ,${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{N}}$ ; (c)${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{P}}$ ,${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{S}}$ ,${{f}}_{\text{a}}^{\text{}\text{B}}$ ; (d)${{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{*}}$ ,${\text{}{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{H}}$ ,${{f}}_{\text{al}}^{\text{}\text{O}}$ 
圖 5 不粘煤、氣肥煤、無煙煤的FTIR分峰圖。（a）不粘煤FTIR分峰圖：波數為700～900 cm?1；（b）不粘煤FTIR分峰圖：波數為1000～1800 cm?1；（c）不粘煤FTIR分峰圖：波數為2800～3000 cm?1；（d）氣肥煤FTIR分峰圖：波數為700～900 cm?1；（e）氣肥煤FTIR分峰圖：波數為1000～1800 cm?1；（f）氣肥煤FTIR分峰圖：波數為2800～3000 cm?1；（g）無煙煤FTIR分峰圖：波數為700～900 cm?1；（h）無煙煤FTIR分峰圖：波數為1000～1800 cm?1；（i）無煙煤FTIR分峰圖：波數為2800～3000 cm?1
Figure 5. FTIR peak fitting diagram of BN, QF and WY：(a) FTIR peak fitting diagram of BN with wave number of 700–900 cm?1; (b) FTIR peak fitting diagram of BN with wave number of 1000–1800 cm?1; (c) FTIR peak fitting diagram of BN with wave number of 2800–3000 cm?1; (d) FTIR peak fitting diagram of QF with wave number of 700–900 cm?1; (e) FTIR peak fitting diagram of QF with wave number of 1000–1800 cm?1; (f) FTIR peak fitting diagram of QF with wave number of 2800–3000 cm?1; (g) FTIR peak fitting diagram of WY with wave number of 700–900 cm?1; (h) FTIR peak fitting diagram of WY with wave number of 1000–1800 cm?1; (i) FTIR peak fitting diagram of WY with wave number of 2800–3000 cm?1
圖 6 煤樣芳香烴、脂肪烴、含氧官能團變化
Figure 6. Aromatic hydrocarbon, aliphatic hydrocarbon, and oxygen-containing functional group chart of the coal sample
表 1 煤樣的工業分析和元素分析（質量分數）
Table 1. Industry analysis and elementary analysis of the coal sample
% Coal sample Industry analysis Elemental analysis Mad Ad Vdaf FCad Cdaf Odaf Hdaf Ndaf Sdaf BN 4.83 2.56 32.93 59.68 81.50 10.6 5.48 1.51 0.65 QF 1.57 7.76 31.62 59.05 82.71 9.61 5.35 1.70 0.58 WY 1.25 7.30 20. 50 70.95 92.35 2.27 3.51 0.91 0.80 
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表 2 煤塵潤濕性接觸角測定結果
Table 2. Results of wettability contact angle measurement of coal dust
Coal sample Contact angle /(°) Distilled water OP?10 Rapid penetrant T 1631 BN 52.73 22.16 11.56 42.35 QF 68.16 27.17 13.78 40.27 WY 74.98 13.29 14.98 26.36
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表 3 煤樣13C?NMR結構參數表
Table 3. NMR structure parameters of coal dust
Coal sample $ {f}_{\text{a}} $ ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{C} }$ ${ {f} }_{\text{a} }{\text{}{'}\text{} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{H} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{N} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{B} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{S} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{P} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{al} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{al} }^{\text{}\text{*} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{al} }^{\text{}\text{H} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{al} }^{\text{}\text{O} }$ BN 0.818 0.029 0.789 0.544 0.245 0.149 0 0.095 0.182 0.066 0.115 0.001 QF 0.679 0.012 0.667 0.476 0.191 0.128 0.034 0.029 0.321 0.089 0.191 0.041 WY 0.898 0.026 0.872 0.579 0.293 0.224 0.069 0 0.102 0.042 0.035 0.025
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表 4 各煤樣紅外結構參數含量
Table 4. Infrared structure parameter content of each coal sample
% Coal sample Infrared structure parameter content of coal sample Aromatic hydrocarbon Aliphatic hydrocarbon C?O C=O ?O? ?OH ?COO? BN 3.957 1.677 1.925 5.095 5.327 1.069 0.060 QF 11.270 7.367 8.591 2.916 2.422 0.622 0.091 WY 4.984 0.497 2.890 0.073 0.250 0.540 0.142
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表 5 OP?10作用下的煤樣13C?NMR結構參數與潤濕性相關性分析
Table 5. Correlation analysis of 13C?NMR structural parameters and wettability of OP?10
Correlation factors Correlation between factors Contact angle ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{C} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{a} }{\text{}{'} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{H} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{N} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{P} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{S} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{B} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{al} }^{\text{}\text{*} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{al} }^{\text{}\text{H} }$ ${{f} }_{\text{al} }^{\text{}\text{O} }$ Contact angle 1 ?0.661 ?0.967 ?0.942 ?0.981 0.442 ?0.637 ?0.988 0.989 0.990 0.247
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表 6 OP?10作用下的煤塵FTIR結構參數與潤濕性的相關性分析
Table 6. Correlation analysis of FTIR structural parameters and wettability of OP?10
Correlation factors Correlation between factors Contact angle Aromatic hydrocarbon Aliphatic hydrocarbon C—O C=O —O— —OH —COO— Contact angle 1 0.687 ?0.867 0.684 0.688 0.564 0.299 ?0.997
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久色视频表 7 煤塵潤濕性主要影響因素
Table 7. Main impact factors of coal dust wettability
Surfactant Influencing factors (13C?NMR parameters) Influencing factors (FTIR parameters) OP?10 ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{B} }$(?) ${{f} }_{\text{al} }^{\text{}\text{H} }$(+) —COO—(?)* Aliphatic hydrocarbon (?) Rapid penetrant T ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{P} }$(?)* ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{S} }$(+) —O—(+) —OH(?) 1631 ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{S} }$(?) ${{f} }_{\text{a} }^{\text{}\text{B} }$(?) C=O(+) —O—(?)
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