Research progress in the preparation and application of graphene-based superhydrophobic materials
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摘要: 超疏水表面是具有獨特性能的一類表面，本身就具有廣泛應用前景。石墨烯材料作為理化性質出眾的一類材料，由于其高電導率、高導熱系數、高比表面積、高透光率和有優異的機械性能，廣泛應用于航空航天、石油化工、海洋船舶等領域。目前，基于石墨烯材料構建超疏水表面，是超疏水表面研究中一個較新的方向。本文對超疏水表面的原理進行了概述，重點總結歸納了石墨烯基超疏水材料制備技術的研究現狀，包括表面修飾法、沉積改性法、激光誘導法、涂覆法、層層自組裝法等，簡要介紹了石墨烯超疏水材料在自清潔、油水分離、防覆冰、耐腐蝕、抗菌等領域的應用，并對石墨烯超疏水材料的下一步研究方向進行了展望。Abstract: Superhydrophobicity in the surface is a phenomenon in which the contact angle between the water and the corresponding surface is greater than 150° and the rolling angle is less than 10°. A superhydrophobic surface exhibits unique properties and has a wide range of application prospects in the field of self-cleaning, anti-corrosion, anti-icing, oil-water separation, and antibacterial agents. In addition to its unique self-cleaning properties, it can play a distinctive role in the fields of building maintenance, anti-biological corrosion in ship bodies, medical antibacterial agents, etc. At present, low-surface-energy materials commonly used to construct superhydrophobic materials mainly include alkane compounds, organosilicon compounds, and fluorine-containing compounds. However, these materials generally have problems of high production costs, large environmental pollution, and complex preparation processes, which severely restrict the industrial production and application of superhydrophobic coatings. Graphene is a two-dimensional honeycomb-structured material formed by the covalent bonding of carbon atoms through sp2 hybrid orbitals. It is the basic unit of graphite, and it is the thinnest two-dimensional material found so far. As a class of materials with outstanding physical and chemical properties, graphene materials have always received extensive attention because of its high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high specific surface area, high light transmittance, and excellent mechanical properties. Therefore, graphene has been considered a promising material in aerospace, petrochemical, marine ships, and other fields. The construction of superhydrophobic surfaces based on graphene is a relatively new direction in the research of superhydrophobic surfaces at present. Although graphene-based superhydrophobic materials have shown excellent performance in the laboratory, they have not been used on a large scale in industrial production. In this paper, the principles of superhydrophobic surfaces were summarized, focusing on the research status of graphene-based super-hydrophobic materials preparation technology, including surface modification, deposition modification, laser induction, dip-coating method, and layer-by-layer self-assembly. The applications of graphene-based super-hydrophobic materials in the fields of self-cleaning, oil-water separation, anti-icing, corrosion resistance, and anti- bacterial agents were also introduced. Finally, this paper presents the prospective future research directions of graphene-based super-hydrophobic materials.
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Key words:
- graphene /
- super-hydrophobic /
- surface /
- preparation /
- application
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圖 1 材料表面常見潤濕性模型示意圖。（a）Young’s模型；（b）Wenzel模型；（c）Cassie模型；（d）Wenzel?Cassie共存模型
Figure 1. Schematic of common wettability models on material surfaces: (a) Young’s model; (b) Wenzel model; (c) Cassie model; (d) Wenzel-Cassie coexistence model
圖 4 （a）石墨烯沉積的不銹鋼網面；（b）石墨烯修飾不銹鋼網的掃描電鏡圖像[35]；（c）松果狀石墨烯復合涂層；（d）松果狀石墨烯復合涂層放大圖[36]；（e）花瓣形態石墨烯[41]
Figure 4. (a) Graphene-deposited stainless steel mesh; (b) SEM of graphene-modified stainless steel mesh[35]; (c) pinecone-like graphene composite coating; (d) magnified pinecone-like graphene composite coating[36]; (e) petal morphology graphene[41]
圖 5 簡要流程圖[46]。（a）激光誘導過程；（b）預碳化過程；（c）模型化誘導過程；（d）掃描激光束工作流程；（e）預碳化聚酰亞胺（PI）膜的光學圖；（f）經模型碳化的光學圖；（g）芋葉的掃描電鏡圖
Figure 5. Brief flow chart[46]: (a) laser induction process; (b) pre-carbonization process; (c) modeling induction process; (d) scanning laser beam workflow; (e) optical diagram of pre-carbonized PI film; (f) model carbonized optical image; (g) SEM image of taro leaf
圖 11 石墨烯基超疏水聚氨酯材料油水分離測試圖。（a）輕油；（b）重油[32]；（c~e）分別為MASHGO添加前、中、后的油水分離實驗圖及局部掃描電鏡圖[65]
Figure 11. Graphene-based super-hydrophobic polyurethane material oil?water separation test: (a) light oil; (b) heavy oil[32]; (c?e) are the oil-water separation experiment and partial SEM before, during, and after MASHGO addition[65]
久色视频
圖 13 大腸桿菌菌落圖及其掃描電鏡圖[69]. 未經陽光照射的PDMS（a，d），玻璃（b，e）和石墨烯涂層（c，f）；經10 min陽光照射的PDMS（g，j）；玻璃（h，k）；石墨烯涂層（i，l）
Figure 13. Colony of Escherichia coli and its SEM[69]: PDMS (a,d), glass (b,e), and graphene-coated glass (c,f) without sunlight glass; PDMS (g,j), glass (h,k), and graphene-coated glass (i,l) after 10 minutes of sunlight glass
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