廢舊鋰離子電池資源現狀及回收利用

鐘雪虎; 陳玲玲; 韓俊偉; 劉維; 焦芬; 覃文慶

doi:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.09.11.004

廢舊鋰離子電池資源現狀及回收利用

doi: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.09.11.004

中南大學資源加工與生物工程學院，長沙 410083

基金項目: 國家自然科學基金資助項目（51804342）；國家重點研發資助項目（2019YFC1907301, 2019YFC1907802）；湖南省標志性創新示范工程資助項目（2019XK2304）；中南大學創新驅動工程資助項目（2020CX038）；湖南省自然科學基金資助項目（2019JJ50805）；中南大學科研啟動基金資助項目（218041）

詳細信息

通訊作者:
E-mail: hanjunwei2008@126.com

中圖分類號: TM912.9
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出版歷程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-11
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-26

Overview of present situation and technologies for the recovery of spent lithium-ion batteries

School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: hanjunwei2008@126.com

摘要

摘要: 廢舊鋰離子電池的無害化處理及回收利用已經成為各個科研院所研究的重點及熱點內容。本文系統介紹了廢舊鋰離子電池的資源現狀與目前回收利用的各種不同的工藝路線，并且詳細分析了各種工藝路線的優缺點，以期為廢舊鋰離子電池的回收與利用找到新的思路與方法。最終認為“化學?物理聯合法”為當前廢舊鋰離子電池無害化處置及回收利用的較為理想的方法。
- 廢舊鋰離子電池 /
- 預處理 /
- 物理分選 /
- 化學分選 /
- 回收再利用
Abstract: With the rapid population growth, economic development, and technological progress around the world today, energy consumption levels are becoming increasingly huge. Most of the energy consumed comes from coal, oil, natural gas, and other primary energy sources that lead to the greenhouse effect, acid rain, photochemical smog, and other environment problems. Therefore, the identification of greener energy resources has become humanity’s great challenge. To reduce the use of primary energy sources, new types of energy have been proposed that are associated with decreased environmental pollution. However, these new energy sources typically require effective storage equipment to facilitate the use of solar, wind or water-driven energy. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) were developed to store electrical energy, and due to their unique advantages, today they are widely used in portable devices, electric vehicles, and all kinds of electronic equipment. The advantages of LIBs include a high specific capacity, good cycle performance, and long lifespan. Although life on Earth is greener by the use of LIBs, with the rapidly increasing energy consumption, more spent LIBs are being produced, which contain a range of valuable metals (Cu, Al, Co, Mn, Ni, Li) and harmful substances (HF, organic substances). If these materials are not treated properly, much harm will result to both human beings and the natural environment, and this would also be a great waste of valuable metals. The recovery of spent LIBs has become a research hotspot among the scientific and business communities. To support the discovery of new methods and concepts in the recovery of spent LIBs, in this paper, we reviewed the various methods available and discussed their advantages and disadvantages in detail. Based on this review, we consider the approach that uses a combination of chemical and physical technologies for the recovery of spent LIBs to be the most promising.
- spent lithium ion batteries /
- pretreatment /
- physical separation /
- chemical separation /
- recovery and reuse

HTML全文

圖 1 廢舊鋰離子電池的典型酸浸流程圖^[35]

Figure 1. Typical flowchart of acid leaching of spent LIBs^[35]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 2 廢舊三元電池酸浸再生工藝流程^[40]

Figure 2. Flowchart of acid leaching and regeneration of spent Li(NiCoMn)O₂batteries^[40]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 3 浸出與浮選聯合回收廢舊磷酸鐵鋰及錳酸鋰電池^[44]

Figure 3. Recovery of spent LiFePO₄ and LiMn₂O₄ through acid leaching and flotation^[44]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

圖 4 低溫熱解加物理法回收廢舊磷酸鐵鋰電池^[45]

Figure 4. Recovery of spent LiFePO₄ batteries through pyrolysis and physical^[45]

下載: 全尺寸圖片幻燈片

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