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摘要: 三十多年來，多種層狀金屬復合材料的制備方法應運而生，蓬勃發展，包括爆炸復合法、軋制復合法、熱壓擴散法和沉積復合法等。爆炸復合法在中厚板的制備上具有不可替代的優勢，其產品廣泛應用于軍工、船舶、電力和化工等領域。軋制法可以批量生產大尺寸層壓板，應用最為廣泛，目前層壓板已經廣泛用于汽車、船舶和航空航天等領域。真空熱壓擴散法由于可以避免氧氣等氣體的污染，幾年來在Ti/Al、Ti/TiAl和Ti6Al4V/TiAl層狀復合材料的制備上備受關注。沉積復合法制備的層狀金屬復合材料在作為耐蝕、耐磨涂層，高強導線，人體植入材料方面表現出巨大的潛力。在綜述層狀金屬復合材料發展歷程的基礎上，介紹了層狀金屬復合材料的制備方法及各自的優缺點，并對層狀金屬復合材料目前在國內外的研究現狀進行了分析和介紹。Abstract: Laminated metal composites are composed of two or more metals or alloys, which integrate various excellent properties of the component materials and exhibit good comprehensive properties. The history of laminated metal composites can be traced back to more than 800 BC, and their systematic research began in the 1970s. Over the past 30 years, various methods have been invented to fabricate laminated metal composites, including explosive bonding, rolling bonding, hot-pressing bonding, and deposition bonding. Explosive bounding method has irreplaceable advantages in the preparation of medium thick plates with its products being widely used in military industry, ship, electric power, chemical industry, and other fields. On the other hand, rolling bonding is most widely used because of its ability of large quantity production. Cold roll bonding (CRB) and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) are two representative laminate preparation technologies that are utilized in the fabrication of a large number of material systems. Up to now, laminates prepared by rolling bonding are widely used in automobile, ship, aerospace, and other fields. The preparation of Ti/Al, Ti/TiAl, and Ti6Al4V/TiAl layered composites via vacuum hot-pressing bonding has attracted much attention in recent years because of its ability to avoid gas pollution such as oxygen production. Moreover, laminated metal composites produced by deposition bonding have great potential as corrosion resistant coatings, wear-resistant coatings, and high-strength conductors and implants. Although laminated metal composites have been well developed, there are still various problems to be solved. For some soft/hard material systems, the hard layer introduces plastic instability during the rolling process that destroys the continuity between layers. As a consequence, serious weakening of the comprehensive performance of the laminates is observed. Furthermore, only few studies on the design and new processes of laminated metal materials have been conducted. This paper reviewed the development of laminated metal composites, introduced the preparation methods and advantages and disadvantages of layered metal composites, and analyzed the research status of laminated metal composites at home and abroad.
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Key words:
- laminated metal composites /
- development /
- method /
- research status /
- development prospect
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圖 3 可以通過CRB或ARB制備的雙金屬體系以及它們的晶體結構[18]
Figure 3. Chart of metals suitable for cold bonding by rolling and/or by applying pressure and ARB, according to lattice structure and hardness of metals[18]
Note: The bcc, fcc, hcp, rho stand for body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, close-packed hexagonal and rhombohedral respectively.
圖 4 Zn/Sn復合材料ARB制備過程中的SEM照片。（a）0循環（最初的三明治結構）；（b）一個循環；（c）兩個循；（d）三個循環；（e）四個循環；（f）五個循環；（g）六個循環；（h）七個循環[24]
Figure 4. SEM micrographs of ARB processed Zn/Sn composites after: (a) zero cycle (primary sandwich); (b) one cycle; (c) two cycles; (d) three cycles; (e) four cycles; (f) five cycles; (g) six cycles; (h) seven cycles[24]
Note: ND and RD stand for normal direction and roll direction.
圖 6 Al/Al層狀材料有限元預測結果與實驗結果對比[30]。（a）3道次之后的拉伸應力應變曲線；（b）、（d）實驗過程中AA1050/AA6061 LMC 1道次、3道次拉伸試驗拉伸斷口光鏡照片；（c）、（e）AA1050/AA6061 LMC 1道次、3道次拉伸試樣模擬結果
Note: εeng stands for engineering strain.
Figure 6. Comparison of finite element prediction results and experimental results of Al/Al LMCs[30]: (a) strain-stress curves obtained from tensile tests of 3-ARB processed composites; tensile fracture for (b) 3-ARB, and (d) 1-ARB AA1050/AA6061 observed by OM in the experiment; simulated in the tensile sample of (c) 3-ARB, and (e) 1-ARB AA1050/AA6061
表 1 不同層狀材料ARB過程中組織和性能的變化
Table 1. Changes in structure and properties of different layered materials in the process of ARB
Raw materials Thickness ratio First unstable material First unstable pass Strength variation Reference Al/Sn 0.77 Sn 2 Decrease after 3 pass [28] Zn/Sn 2.5 Zn 2 Decrease after 3 pass [24] AA2219/AA5086 1 AA5086 6 Gradually increase [27] Al/Cu 2.5 Cu 4 Gradually increase [21] Cu/Zn/Al 9:8:3 Cu 3 Decrease after 5 pass [25] Al/Cu/Sn 10:6:3 Sn 2 Decrease after 3 pass [26] 
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久色视频表 2 Ag/Cu層狀復合材料的性能
Table 2. Properties of Ag/Cu LMCs
Material Yield Stress/
MPaUTS/
MPaElongation/
%Resistivity/
(nΩ·m)Pure Ag — 180 — 25±1 Pure Cu 100 280 51 31±2 ABRed Ag/Cu 550 650 16 32±2 Note：UTS stands for ultimate tensile strength.
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