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摘要: 微生物燃料電池（Microbial fuel cells, MFCs）是一種綠色能源技術，通過微生物的催化氧化代謝污水中的有機物同時產生電能，具有清潔環境和產電的雙重優勢，為可生物降解及可循環利用的廢棄物轉變成清潔能源提供了潛在的機會，在環境治理和能源利用方面表現出較好的應用前景。然而，目前相對較低的產電效率限制了MFCs的實際應用，其中陽極電極是產電微生物富集和傳遞電子的重要場所，與電池極化、電子導電性、生物相容性密切相關，是影響電池性能和運行成本的關鍵因素。碳納米材料具有導電性好、比表面積大、孔隙率高、成本低等特點，被認為是微生物燃料電池重要的陽極材料，得到了廣泛的研究和關注。本文主要從陽極電極種類、電極結構設計和電極材料改性等方面總結改善電極生物相容性、增加產電微生物附著量、提高反應活性位點的方法，并對提高產電性能的機理進行論述。最后對碳基電極材料進行展望，以期為制備高電化學活性的陽極材料提供理論指導。Abstract: The overuse of resources and the frequent occurrence of environmental problems have necessitated the use of sustainable energy technologies. The microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a kind of green energy-generation technology that metabolizes the organic compounds in wastewater by the catalytic oxidation of microorganisms. This new technology provides the dual advantages of cleaning the environment and generating electricity. As MFCs can potentially convert biodegradable and recyclable wastes into clean energy, they are a promising application prospect in environmental treatment and energy utilization. However, the practical applicability of present-day MFCs is limited by their low power-generation efficiency. Anode electrodes can enrich the power generation and electron transfer of microorganisms, but require high polarization, electronic conductivity, and biological compatibility with the fuel cell. Broadly speaking, the anode electrode affects the performance and operating costs of an MFC. Commonly used carbon-based materials include graphite sheets, carbon cloths, carbon paper, and carbon felt. However, most of these materials are two-dimensional structures providing few attachment sites for microorganisms; other materials have few reactive sites, which limits their electrochemical reactive surface areas and slows the initiation of the MFC. Carbon nanomaterials have been extensively researched for their high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, high porosity, and low cost. All of these properties are demanded in the anode materials of MFCs. This paper summarized and analyzed methods for improving the biological compatibility of electrodes, increasing the adhesion of electrically-producing microorganisms, and improving the reactive activation sites. To this end, it discussed various types of anode electrodes, electrode structure designs, and electrode material modifications. A mechanism that improved the electricity generation performance was also discussed. Finally, carbon-based electrode materials might provide theoretical guidance for preparing anode materials with high electrochemical activity.
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Key words:
- microbial fuel cell /
- anode electrode /
- carbon nanomaterials /
- electrode modification /
- biocompatibility
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圖 2 常用的碳基電極材料照片
Figure 2. Optical photograph of common carbon-based electrode material
久色视频表 1 納米材料修飾碳基電極的特點
Table 1. Characteristics of carbon-based electrode modified by nanomaterials
Name of nanomaterials Physicochemical and electrochemical properties Electron transfer mechanism Carbon-based synthetic materials：carbon nanotube; graphene; partially processed high performance carbon material Large specific surface area; good biocompatibility; good conductivity. Reduce the internal resistance of the electrode;
increase microbial enrichment.Nanomaterial modification：nano-metallic material; nano-conductive polymer High capacitance; good electron transfer intermediate; faster electron transfer rate;
good stability; good biocompatibility.The synergy between the metal and the anode; conductive polymers promote microbial adhesion; high conductivity facilitates electron transfer. 
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參考文獻
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